Nationalism in Europe

Flashcards about Nationalism in Europe

Finish the sentence: Nationalism, aligned with imperialism, led Europe to __ in 1914.

disaster

What did anti-imperial movements strive to form?

Independent nation-states

What area was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?

The Balkans

Name three modern-day countries that were part of the Balkans.

Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro.

What empire controlled a large part of the Balkans?

The Ottoman Empire

What was the Act of Union (1707)?

The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland.

What happened to the Catholic clans that inhabited the Scottish Highlands?

The Catholic clans that inhabited the Scottish Highlands suffered terrible repression whenever they attempted to assert their independence.

What symbols were actively promoted to forge a new 'British nation'?

The British flag (Union Jack), the national anthem (God Save Our Noble King), the English language

Who was proclaimed king of united Italy in 1861?

Victor Emmanuel II

What role did Cavour play in the unification of Italy?

Chief Minister Cavour led the movement to unify the regions of Italy.

What was the significance of the Zollverein?

The Zollverein was a customs union formed at the initiative of Prussia, abolishing tariff barriers and reducing the number of currencies.

What did conservatives believe should be preserved?

Established, traditional institutions of state and society like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property, and the family

What was the Napoleonic Code?

The Civil Code of 1804, established equality before the law and secured the right to property.

What was liberalism in the 19th Century?

Liberalism' derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free. For the new middle classes liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.

Define Suffrage

The right to vote

What were some of the measures and practices introduced by the French revolutionaries to create a sense of collective identity?

The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) a new French flag, the tricolour. Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly, New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation. A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory.

What was the dream of Frederic Sorrieu's prints?

A world made up of 'democratic and social Republics'

Define Absolutist

Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised.

Define Utopian

A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist

What is the main idea of the Ernst Renan excerpt?

A national soul, national identity, shared history, common goals, etc.

What is the definition of Plebiscite?

A direct vote by which all the people of a region or country are asked to accept or reject a proposal.

What is Conservatism?

A political philosophy that stressed the importance of tradition, established institutions and customs, and preferred gradual development to quick change

What is Ideology?

System of ideas reflecting a particular social and political vision

What was the result of the National Assembly in France proclaiming a Republic?

The National Assembly proclaimed a Republic granted suffrage to all adult males above 21 and guaranteed the right to work. National workshops to provide employment were set up.

What was the result of the July Revolution (1830)?

The Bourbon kings who had been restored to power during the conservative reaction after 1815, were now overthrown by liberal revolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head.

What was the Greek War of Independence?

An event that mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe was the Greek war of independence. Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century.

Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?

Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. As a young man of 24, he was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria.

Name three key events in the 1800's.

1821: Greek struggle for independence begins; 1848 Revolutions in Europe; Unification of Italy (1859-1870); Unification of Germany (1866-1871);