Basic Anatomical Language, Plane, Rotation, Axis

When describing movement what position do you always start in?

Anatomical position

Frontal (Coronal) Plane

Divides body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

What is the axis for frontal (coronal) plane

anteroposterior axis or sagittal axis

Sagittal plane

Divides the body into right and left parts

Median plane

specific sagittal plane that divides the body down the center into two symmetrical halves

Parasagittal plane

Any plane parallel to the median plane

What is the axis for sagittal plane?

Mediolateral or frontal axis

Transverse Plane

Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

What is the axis for the transverse plane

vertical axis

Superior (Cephalic)

Toward the top/head

Inferior

Towards the bottom (feet)

Medial

Closer to the median plane/midline

Lateral

Further from the median plane/midline

Proximal

Closer to the trunk

Distal

Further from the truck

Anterior

Towards the front

Posterior

towards the back

Superficial

on or near the outside

Deep

inside the body

Circumferential

around an area

Dorsal

Towards the dorsal surface of the foot or hand (top of foot, back of hand)

Plantar

Towards the plantar surface of the foot (the side you plant on)

Palmar

Towards the plam side

Unilateral

One side

Bilateral

Both sides

Ipsilateral

On the same side

Contralateral

On opposite sides

Valgus/Valgum

Distal limb displacement laterally

Varus/Varum

Distal limb displacement medially

Anterior/posterior pelvic tilt

Tipping the superior opening of the pelvis anteriorly or posteriorly

In Situ

In the original place (in the body)

Prone

Lying on the front (stomach down)

Supine

Lying on the back (stomach up)

Osteo: Kinematic:

Bone movement

What plane is flexson in?

sagittal

What plane is extension in?

Sagittal

Flexion

Moves body part forward from anatomical position

Extension

Moves body part posteriorly from anatomical position

What is the knee flexion exception?

Knee moves lower leg posteriorly

What is the knee extension exception?

Knee bring lower leg back to anatomical

Dorsiflexion

movement of ankle towards the dorsum (top) of the foot

Plantar flexion

Movement of the ankle towards the plantar surface (bottom) of the foot

Abduction

Movement away from midline

Adduction

Movement towards midline

Lateral flexion (sidebending)

Movement of trunk/neck in the frontal plane

Abduction/Adduction of the fingers

referenced from the middle finger (Third digit can adduct and abduct itself

Abduction/Adduction of the toes

referenced from the second toe

Radial Deviation

Movement of hand towards the radius (Thumb side)

Ulnar deviation

Movement of hand towards the ulna (pinky side)

Eversion

Movement of foot away from median plane (Plantar side moves laterally)

Inversion

Movement of the foot towards median plane (plantar side moves medially)

External (lateral) rotation

twists body segment away from the midline

Internal (medial) rotation

Moves a body part inward towards the midline of the body

left/right rotation

used for neck/trunk (eyes, nipples, ASIS pointing direction)

Horizontal Adduction

Moves arm/leg towards the midline in the transverse plane

Horizontal abduction

Moving arm/leg away from midline in the transverse plane (Joint first flexed at 90 degrees, like moving along a table)

Pronation

Turning forearm so palm faces downward/backward

Supination

Turing forearm so palm faces up/forward

Translation

A linear movement

Protraction

Moving a body part anteriorly (jaw protraction)

Retraction

Moving a body part posteriorly (jaw retraction)

Opposition

Bringing thumb and fifth digit to each other

Reposition

Moving thumb and fifth digit away from each other

Circumduction

Circular movements; combination of abduction, adduction, extension, flexion; moves through at least two planes

Multiplanar Movement

Movements involving more than one plane