P4.3.1 Circuit diagrams and circuit components

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Last updated 11:17 PM on 8/1/26
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15 Terms

1
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What are the circuit components?

  • Cell

  • Battery

  • Power supplies (a.c. or d.c.)

  • Switch (open or closed)

  • Diode (and LED diode)

  • Lamp

  • Motor

  • Heater

  • Resistors (fixed, variable, thermistor, LDR)

  • Ammeter

  • Voltmeter

  • Fuse

2
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Function of a cell and drawing

  • Cell: single power source that converts chemical energy into electrical energy (source of e.m.f.)

<ul><li><p>Cell: single power source that converts chemical energy into electrical energy (source of e.m.f.)</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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Function of a battery and drawing

  • Battery: two or more cells connected in a series (source of e.m.f.)

<ul><li><p>Battery: two or more cells connected in a series (source of e.m.f.)</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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Function of power supplies and drawings

  • Power supplies: can be either a.c. or d.c.

<ul><li><p>Power supplies: can be either a.c. or d.c.</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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Function of switch and drawing

  • Switch: component used for making or breaking electric current through the circuit

    • Open switch: breaks circuit, stops flow of current (OFF)

    • Closed switch: completes circuit, allows flow of current (ON)

<ul><li><p>Switch: component used for making or breaking electric current through the circuit</p><ul><li><p>Open switch: breaks circuit, stops flow of current (OFF)</p></li><li><p>Closed switch: completes circuit, allows flow of current (ON)</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
6
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Function of generator and drawing

  • Generator: electrical energy source creating electrical energy from mechanical energy (source of e.m.f.)

<ul><li><p>Generator: electrical energy source creating electrical energy from mechanical energy (source of e.m.f.)</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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Function of diode and drawing

  • Diode: component that only allows current to flow in one direction, and have a very large resistance in the opposite direction

<ul><li><p>Diode: component that only allows current to flow in one direction, and have a very large resistance in the opposite direction</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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Function of lamp and drawing

  • Lamps: transfer electrical energy into light (and heat)

<ul><li><p>Lamps: transfer electrical energy into light (and heat)</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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Function of motor and drawing

  • Motors: transfer electrical energy into mechanical energy

<ul><li><p>Motors: transfer electrical energy into mechanical energy</p></li></ul><p></p>
10
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Function of heater and drawing

Heaters: transfer electrical energy into thermal energy

<p>Heaters: transfer electrical energy into thermal energy</p>
11
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Function of LED and drawing

  • LED (light-emitting diode): component that turns electrical energy into light and only allows current to flow in one direction

<ul><li><p>LED (light-emitting diode): component that turns electrical energy into light and only allows current to flow in one direction</p></li></ul><p></p>
12
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Functions of resistors and drawings

  • Resistors: oppose and regulate the flow of electric current, can be fixed or variable

    • Fixed resistor: resistance does not change

    • Variable resistor: resistance can be adjusted

    • Thermistor: high resistance when cold, low resistance when hot

    • LDR: high resistance when dark, low resistance when bright

<ul><li><p>Resistors: oppose and regulate the flow of electric current, can be fixed or variable</p><ul><li><p>Fixed resistor: resistance does not change</p></li><li><p>Variable resistor: resistance can be adjusted</p></li><li><p>Thermistor: high resistance when cold, low resistance when hot</p></li><li><p>LDR: high resistance when dark, low resistance when bright</p></li><li><p></p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
13
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Function of ammeter, drawing and placement in circuits

  • Ammeter: measures current in Amperes (A)

    • Must be connected to the circuit in SERIES

<ul><li><p>Ammeter: measures current in Amperes (A)</p><ul><li><p>Must be connected to the circuit in SERIES</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
14
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Function of voltmeter, drawing and placement in circuits

  • Voltmeter: measures voltage in Volts (V)

    • Must be connected to the circuit in PARALLEL

<ul><li><p>Voltmeter: measures voltage in Volts (V)</p><ul><li><p>Must be connected to the circuit in PARALLEL</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
15
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Function of fuse and drawing

  • Fuse: safety device containing thin metal filament that melts and cuts off the power supply in case of a surge in the electric current

<ul><li><p>Fuse: safety device containing thin metal filament that melts and cuts off the power supply in case of a surge in the electric current</p></li></ul><p></p>