Hypothesis Testing

What is a Hypothesis?

Claim or statement about a population parameter 

What is hypothesis testing used for?

Used to determine whether a statement about value of a population parameter should be accepted or rejected

Sign for null hypothesis

H0

What is the null hypothesis?

Tentative assumption about a population parameter

What is the alternative hypothesis(Ha/H1)?

Opposite what is stated in the null hypothesis

When do you want to gather evidence in support of alternative hypothesis?

-Alternative hypothesis as a research hypothesis

-The null hypothesis as an assumption to be challenged

How does Alternative Hypothesis because of Research Hypothesis be calculated in hypothesis testing?

-Purpose: you want to gather evidence in support of a statement (research hypothesis)

-In such cases, it is often best to begin with the alternative hypothesis and make it the conclusion that the researcher hopes to support.

-The conclusion that the research hypothesis is true is made if the sample data provide sufficient evidence to show that the null hypothesis can be rejected.

How does null hypothesis as assumption to be challenged be calculated for in hypothesis testing?

-Purpose: you want to evaluate whether a belief/opinion is correct

-You use a hypothesis test to challenge the assumption and determine if there is statistical evidence to conclude that the assumption is incorrect.

-In these situations, it is helpful to develop the null hypothesis first.

Two tailed test

H_0:μ=μ_0      H_A:μ≠μ_0

What is hypothesized in hypothesis testing?

where μ_0 is the hypothesized value of the population mean

Lower , one tailed test

H_0:μ≥μ_0      H_A:μ<μ_0

Lower, upper tailed test

H_0:μ≤μ_0      H_A:μ>μ_0

Does the alternative hypothesis have equals to sign

No

Does null hypothesis have an equals to sign

Yes

When do we reject null hypothesis (H0)

When alternative hypothesis (Ha/H1) is true

Errors in hypothesis testing

Type I and Type II error

What do we say about the alternative hypothesis when accepting null hypothesis

We will say we don't have enough evidence to support the alternative

What is type I error in hypothesis testing?

When rejecting H0 as it true(false positive) and the probability of making a type 1 error called the level of significance

What is a type II error?

-Not rejecting H0 when it is false( false negative)

-The probability of making a type II error is equal to 1- power of test

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Steps of Hypothesis Testing

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