3-2: Understanding Solubility and Saturation in Solutions (Quizlet)

What is solubility?

The maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature.

How is solubility commonly expressed?

In grams of solute per 100 grams (or per 100 milliliters) of solvent.

What are the three types of solutions based on solute saturation?

Saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated.

What characterizes a saturated solution?

It contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in a given amount of solvent.

What characterizes an unsaturated solution?

It contains less solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved.

What characterizes a supersaturated solution?

It contains more solute than the maximum amount that can be dissolved, but the excess solute remains dissolved.

How can a supersaturated solution be created?

By adding more solute to a saturated solution while increasing the temperature.

What happens when a supersaturated solution is disturbed?

The excess solute will recrystallize and return to a saturated condition.

What is the principle that governs solubility?

Like dissolves like; polar and ionic solutes dissolve in polar solvents, while nonpolar solutes dissolve in nonpolar solvents.

Why can water dissolve table salt and sugar?

Because both table salt (ionic) and sugar (polar) are soluble in the polar solvent water.

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of solids in liquids?

Generally, the solubility of solids increases with temperature.

What is the effect of temperature on the solubility of gases in liquids?

Gases become less soluble in liquids as temperature increases.

What is Henry's law?

It states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of that gas above the liquid.

What is an example of effervescence in a carbonated drink?

The fizzing observed when opening a bottle, due to the release of dissolved carbon dioxide as pressure decreases.

What is the significance of temperature on fish activity in relation to oxygen levels?

Fish are less active during higher temperatures due to lower oxygen levels and more active during lower temperatures when oxygen levels are higher.

What is a partly soluble substance?

A substance that can only dissolve partially in a solvent at a given temperature.

What is an insoluble substance?

A substance that does not dissolve in a solvent at all.

What happens to dissolved gases in water as it heats up?

Dissolved gases form bubbles and escape before the water itself boils.

What is the relationship between solubility and the nature of solutes and solvents?

The solubility of a solute depends on its chemical nature and the chemical nature of the solvent.

What is the role of temperature in Mini Lab 3-2?

To investigate how temperature affects the solubility of table salt in water.

What happens to the solubility of cesium sulfate with increasing temperature?

Its solubility decreases with increasing temperature, which is an exception to the general trend.

What does a concentrated solution mean?

A solution that contains a large amount of solute relative to the amount of solvent.

Is a saturated solution always concentrated?

Not necessarily; a saturated solution can be dilute if the maximum solute amount is low.

What is the effect of pressure on the solubility of solids and liquids?

Pressure has little or no effect on the solubility of solids and liquids.

What is the significance of seed crystals in a supersaturated solution?

They can trigger recrystallization of the excess solute.

What is the trend for most solutes regarding temperature and solubility?

The solubility of most solutes increases with temperature.