Unit 0 Psych Lock in

Psychology

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Empiricism

The belief that knowledge comes from experience via the senses, and science thrives through observation and experiment.

Structuralism

Early school of psychology using introspection to explore the structure of the human mind; founded by Edward Titchener.

Introspection

The process of looking inward to examine one's own thoughts and feelings.

Functionalism

Focused on how mental and behavioral processes function—how they enable organisms to adapt, survive, and flourish; linked to William James.

Behaviorism

The view that psychology should be an objective science that studies observable behavior without reference to mental processes.

Humanistic Psychology

Emphasizes personal growth, free will, and the human potential for growth; associated with Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.

Cognitive Psychology

The scientific study of mental processes like thinking, memory, language, and problem-solving.

Psychoanalysis

Freud's theory of personality and therapeutic technique that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts.

Biological Perspective

Emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior, such as genetics, the brain, and neurotransmitters.

Evolutionary Psychology

The study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection.

Social-Cultural Perspective

Examines how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures.

Biopsychosocial Approach

An integrated approach that combines biological, psychological, and social-cultural perspectives.

Wilhelm Wundt

Known as the 'father of psychology'; established the first psychology laboratory in 1879.

Edward Titchener

Student of Wundt; introduced structuralism and introspection.

William James

Functionalist; wrote the first psychology textbook, Principles of Psychology.

Mary Whiton Calkins

First female president of the APA; denied a PhD from Harvard.

Margaret Floy Washburn

First woman to earn a PhD in psychology.

Sigmund Freud

Founder of psychoanalysis; focused on the unconscious and early childhood.

John B. Watson

Founder of behaviorism; famous for the Little Albert experiment.

B.F. Skinner

Behaviorist; used reinforcement to shape behavior.

Carl Rogers

Humanist; emphasized unconditional positive regard and client-centered therapy.

Abraham Maslow

Humanist; developed hierarchy of needs and the idea of self-actualization.

Charles Darwin

Developed the theory of natural selection; influenced evolutionary psychology.

Jean Piaget

Cognitive psychologist known for his theory of cognitive development in children.

Ivan Pavlov

Discovered classical conditioning through experiments with dogs.

Dorothea Dix

Advocate for the mentally ill; helped reform asylums and mental hospitals.

G. Stanley Hall

First APA president; founded the first U.S. psych lab.