3.1 Types of Bonding + Electronegativity

We can arrange bonding into two category. What are they?

Chemical Bonding

Physical Bonding

What are the characteristics of chemical bonding? (3)

Intramolecular forces

Strong bonds

Found within molecules

What are the characteristics of physical bonding? (3)

Intermolecular forces / Van der Waals’ forces

Weak bonds

Found between molecules

What are the bonding in Chemical bonds?

Ionic Bonding

Covalent Bonding

Dative covalent / Co-ordinate

Metallic Bonding

What are the bonding in Physical Bonds?

Hydrogen bonds

Permanent dipole-permanent dipole

Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole

The strongest physical bond is…

Hydrogen bond

The weakest physical bond is…

Instantaneous dipole-induced dipole

Define electronegativity?

Power of an atom to attract electrons to itself

The higher the electronegativity, the —- power of an atom to attract the electrons in a covalent bond towards itself.

greater

What are the three factors influencing the electronegativities of the elements?

Nuclear charge

Atomic Radius

Shielding effect

Why does atom with high nuclear charge has higher electronegativity?

They have greater attraction forces between the nucleus and the bonding pair of electrons

Why does atom with increasing atomic radius has lower electronegativity?

The distance between nucleus and bonding pairs of electrons reduce the attraction forces between them

Why does atom experiencing high shielding effect has lower eelctronegativity?

The increasing number of inner electron shell reduce the attraction forces between the nucleus and the bonding pair of electrons

Describe the trend in electronegativity in a Periodic Table

Electronegativity increases across a period (from left to right) and going up a group (from bottom to top)

What is the element with the highest electronegativity?

Fluorine (F)

What is the range of values of electronegativity?

0-4

What is the order of electronegativity for the 5 most electronegative elements?

F>O>N>Cl>Br

We can identify the type of intramolecular forces between two elements in a compound by…

their differences in electronegativity values

What type of bonding will give elements of compound with differences in electronegativity >2.0?

Ionic Bonding

What type of bonding will give elements of compound with differences in electronegativity <1.0?

Covalent bonding