Bloodstains and bodily fluids

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Last updated 7:53 PM on 3/20/25
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26 Terms

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Plasma

The liquid part of blood

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Platelet

Cell fragments that form clots

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Serum

Part of plasma that carries protein and electrolytes

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Fibrogen
Material that forms clots.
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Red blood cells
Cells that transport oxygen.
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White blood cells
Cells that fight infections.
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Surface tension
The force that pulls surface molecules of liquid together.
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Viscosity
Blood is 6 times more viscous than water, meaning it flows 6 times slower.
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Specific gravity
The weight of a substance relative to water; blood's specific gravity is slightly higher than water.
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Misting pattern
Associated with high-velocity impacts like gunshots or explosions.
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Low velocity bloodstain
Bloodstain caused by beating or blunt weapons, 4-6 mm in diameter.
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Medium velocity bloodstain
Bloodstain caused by stabbings, 1-3 mm in diameter.
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High velocity bloodstain
Bloodstain caused by gunshots, 0.1 mm in diameter.
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Angle of impact = 90°
Results in a circular shape of bloodstain.
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Angle of impact < 90°
Results in an elliptical shape of bloodstain.
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Area of origin
Narrow end of an elliptical bloodstain shows its directionality.
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Skeletonized stain
Occurs when the center of a dried bloodstain flakes away, leaving the rim.
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Void areas
Areas that appear when something blocks the blood source.
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Chemiluminescence
Testing method including luminol and fluorescein for identifying blood.
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Kastle-Meyer test
Chemical test reacting with hemoglobin, turning pink if positive.
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Seminal fluid
The second most common bodily fluid in forensic cases, containing sperm and seminal acid phosphatase.
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Azoospermia
Condition of having no sperm in the ejaculate.
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Saliva
Secretion that aids in digestion, containing water, mucus, proteins, salts, and enzymes.
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Starch-iodine test
Test used to detect saliva; starch changes color to blue in the presence of iodine.
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Urine
Body fluid less frequently tested, detection relies on urea and creatinine.
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Clots

  • happens after blood leaves the body 

  • blood forms a jellylike mass and retracts from the serum