Science: Chapter 2 Lesson 1-Cell Structure and Function

All living things are made of one or more cells, the cell is the smallest unit of life, and all new cells come from preexisting cells

Cell theory

What happens when the order of the nucleotides in DNA or RNA changes

The genetic information of the cell changes

Can macromolecules function without water

No-water is essential for them to function properly

What are the charges in a water molecule and why are they important

Water has a negative and positive end; helps attract and interact with other substances

Who studies plant and animal cells, helping form the cell theory

Mattias Schleiden (plants)

Theodor Schwann (animals)

A protein found in hair, feathers and horns that provides structural support

Keratin

What does amylase do

Protein in saliva that helps break down nutrients in food

A carbohydrate in plant cell walls that provides structural support

Cellulose

What are the functions of carbohydrates

Store energy, provide structural support, and help with communication between cells

One sugar molecule, two sugar molecules, or a long chain of sugar molecules

Carbohydrates

Give examples of lipids

Cholesterol, phospholipids, vitamin A

What roles do lipids play in cells

Act as protective barriers, store energy, help cells communicate, and are major parts the cell membrane

Large macromolecule that doesn’t dissolve in water

Lipid

What are some functions of proteins in cells

Communication between cells, transporting substances breaking down nutrients (like amylase), structural support (like keratin)

What are proteins made of

Long chains of amino acid molecules

What is RNA used for

To make proteins

What is the function of DNA

Provides instructions for cell growth, reproduction, the processes used to make RNA

What are nucleic acids made of

Long chains of molecules called nucleotides

What are the 4 types of macromolecules

Proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates

What is the main ingredient of a cell

Water-makes up 70% of the cell’s volume and helps maintain homeostasis

Substances formed by joining many small molecules together

Macromolecules

What scientist said all cells come from preexisting ones

Rudolf Virchow

Who founded the term “cells” after observing cork under a microscope

Robert Hooke