Kohlberg's Moral Development Theory: Stages and Key Concepts

Lawrence Kohlberg

Developed a stage theory of moral development focused on justice

Kohlberg's method

Used moral dilemmas to analyze moral reasoning

Pre-conventional level

Moral reasoning based on personal consequences

Stage 1 Punishment and Obedience

Right is avoiding punishment

Stage 2 Instrumental Orientation

Right is what benefits oneself

Conventional level

Moral reasoning based on social approval and rules

Stage 3 Good Boy/Good Girl

Right is pleasing others and gaining approval

Stage 4 Law and Order

Right is obeying laws and maintaining social order

Post-conventional level

Moral reasoning based on abstract principles

Stage 5 Social Contract

Laws are agreements that can be changed for the greater good

Stage 6 Universal Ethical Principles

Morality based on justice and universal human rights