Med Bio Ch.7.2 pg.3

Vacuole

A fluid filled sac that stores materials for the cell like water, nutrients, and salts.

Cell Membrane / Plasma Membrane

Forms a boundary that separates the inside of the cell from the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell.

Phospholipid Bilayer

Consists of double layers of phospholipids, where the head is hydrophilic (water soluble) and the tail is hydrophobic (water insoluble).

Selectively Permeable

A property of the cell membrane that allows certain substances to pass through while blocking others.

Passive Transport

The movement of molecules into and out of the cell without the use of energy, such as diffusion.

Diffusion

The movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.

Active Transport

The movement of a substance against a concentration gradient, requiring energy (ATP), such as endocytosis and exocytosis.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a stable internal environment within the cell.

The ________ is a fluid-filled sac in a cell that stores nutrients and waste.

Vacuole

The ________ protects the cell and regulates what enters and leaves it.

Cell Membrane / Plasma Membrane

The ________ consists of two layers of phospholipids with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Phospholipid Bilayer

A ________ membrane allows certain substances to pass while blocking others.

Selectively Permeable

The process of ________ does not require energy to move substances across the membrane.

Passive Transport

In ________, molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.

Diffusion

________ requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.

Active Transport

Cells maintain ________ to keep their internal environment stable and balanced.

Homeostasis

________ involves the internalization of substances into the cell via vesicles.

Endocytosis

________ is the process of expelling materials from a cell using vesicles.

Exocytosis

What is the role of the vacuole in a cell?

The vacuole stores materials such as water, nutrients, and waste.

How does the cell membrane contribute to homeostasis?

The cell membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining a stable internal environment.

What is the main characteristic of a phospholipid?

A phospholipid has a hydrophilic (water-attracting) head and two hydrophobic (water-repelling) tails.

What does selectively permeable mean?

Selectively permeable means that the membrane allows some substances to pass through while blocking others.

What type of transport does not require ATP?

Passive transport does not require ATP and includes processes like diffusion.

What is the main driving force behind diffusion?

The concentration gradient is the main driving force behind diffusion.

What is a key difference between active transport and passive transport?

Active transport moves substances against their concentration gradient and requires energy, while passive transport moves substances along their gradient without energy.

What is the significance of endocytosis?

Endocytosis allows cells to intake large molecules or particles by engulfing them in vesicles.

How does exocytosis benefit the cell?

Exocytosis expels waste or secretory products from the cell, maintaining cellular health.

What is homeostasis in cells?

Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a stable internal environment within the cell.