chapter 19 terms

Entropy

“S” is a thermodynamic function that increases with the number if energetically equivalent ways to arrange the components of a system to achieve a particular state.

Second law of thermodynamics

States for any spontaneous process the entropy of the universe increases deltaSuni>0

third law of thermodynamics

States that the entropy for a perfect crystal at 0 K is zero, S=0

reversible process

Is the process that reverses direction upon an infinitesimally change in some property

Gibbs free energy (G)

Is the maximum amount of work energy that can be released to the surroundings by a system for constant temperature and pressure

Standard molar entropies (S)

Is the entropy gained by converting 1 mol of substance from perfect crystal at 0 K to standard state conditions

Standard entropy change for a reaction (deltaSrxn)

Standard change in free energy (deltaGrxn)

Standard free energy of formation (deltaGf)

Free energy change for a reaction under nonstandard conditions (deltaGrxn)