POLS 2311 Exam 3

Requirements to be president

Must be at least 35 years old, a natural born citizen, and have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years.

executive privilege

power of the president to keep his conversations private.

What department is in charge of foreign policy

department of state

Department of Defenses Job

Provides President with military options
• Threat assessment
• Military Intelligence
• Implements military policy

Job of the CIA

Coordinates and gathers
intelligence
• Analysis of data

case act 1973

International agreements entered into by the U.S. President without Senate approval, known as "executive agreements," are still binding under international law and, in some cases, domestic law, and the Case Act of 1973 requires the President to notify Congress of such agreements. 

25th amendment

presidential succession outline

Who selects prime minister

parliment

Tariff

a tax on imports

Who is the chief spokesperson of American foreign policy

The president

What are the declared wars of the US

WW1

WW2

Mexian-American war

Spanish-American war

War of 1812

What do the impoundment control act, the case act, and the war powers act all have in common

All passed over a presidential veto

Who is the civilian component of the department of defense

Secretary of Defense

Dominant economic philosophy in 19th century

Laissez Fair Economics

Presidents Role as Chief of State

Ceremonial and Symbolic role

22nd amendment

Limits the president to two terms

Veto powers of the president

General Veto- can kill a bill

Pocket veto- only can be used when congress has adjourned

Does NOT have line item veto

Proccess of Presidential Impeachment

House has sole power to impeach

Role of the national security council

Coordinate diplomatic and military
policy

How many presidents have been impeached

3

Andrew Johnson

Bill Clinton

Donald Trump

What are heads of department know as

Secretaries

Presidents job as chief administrator

President is to make sure that money is spent wisely
President is to ensure that laws are faithfully carried out

Who declares War

Congress

What are the presidents law enforcement powers

Role as Chief Administrator

Appoint Judges and DA’s
• Grant Reprieves
• Commute Sentences
• Pardon Power

How can presidents make treaties

with 2/3 vote of the senate

Whig theory

That congress should reign supreme and that the president should just be an administrator

Invisible primary

The period before the primary election when candidates create a fundraising base and gain support without formal campaigning.

Unit rule

The practice in some states of awarding all of a state's electoral votes to the candidate who receives the most votes.

Electoral votes needed to win presidency

A candidate needs a majority of 270 electoral votes to win the presidency.

Cabinet

The government is led by a cabinet selected by parliament from the parliament

Parliamentary system

A system of government
where the executive power is
vested in the legislative body
(Parliament).

Richard Neustadt

A political scientist known for his work on presidential power and the importance of persuasion in leadership.

Bureaucracy

An organized system of administration characterized by hierarchical structure, rules, and roles.

Rule by offices and desks

Deepwater Horizon

An offshore oil drilling rig that experienced a catastrophic blowout in 2010, leading to a major oil spill.

Government corporation

A government agency that functions like a private business, offering services and generating revenue.

Regulatory agencies

Government bodies responsible for enforcing specific regulations in various sectors.

Independent agencies

Independent agencies are federal agencies established by Congress that operate with a degree of autonomy, meaning they are not directly controlled by the President or the executive branch, and are designed to make decisions based on expertise and the national interes

Presidential Commissions

Groups formed by the president to investigate issues and provide recommendations.

Merit system

A system of hiring and promotion based on qualifications and performance rather than political connections.

Spoils system

The practice of giving government jobs to political supporters and friends.

Patronage

The power of elected officials to control appointments to office and privileges. Spoils system

Pendleton act

A law enacted in 1883 establishing the merit system for federal employment.

Budget process

The steps involved in creating and approving a budget, including proposal, review, and final approval.

Clientele groups

Groups of citizens whose interests are served by government agencies.

GAO

Government Accountability Office, an agency that audits and evaluates federal spending.

Whistleblowing

The act of reporting misconduct, fraud, or illegal activities within an organization.

Laissez faire economics

An economic principle that opposes government intervention in the market.

Adam Smith

An economist known as the father of modern economics and author of 'The Wealth of Nations'.

Deregulation

The reduction or elimination of government rules controlling how businesses can operate.

Rachel Carson

An environmentalist whose book 'Silent Spring' highlighted the dangers of pesticides.

Fiscal policy

Government policy regarding taxation and spending to influence the economy. Stimulate or slow it down

Monetary policy

The process by which the monetary authority controls the money supply to achieve specific goals. Main tool of this is raising or lowering the discount rate

John Maynard Keynes

An economist who advocated for active government intervention in the economy.

Budget deficit

The financial situation where government expenditures exceed its revenues.

National debt

The total amount of money that a country's government has borrowed.

Federal Reserve Act

The law that established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the U.S.

Inflation

The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises.

Janet Yellen

An economist who served as the Chair of the Federal Reserve and has held various economic policy roles.

Progressive tax

A tax system where the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases.

Regressive tax

A tax that takes a larger percentage of income from lower-income earners than from higher-income earners.

Poverty line

The minimum level of income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate standard of living.

AFDC

Aid to Families with Dependent Children, a former U.S. government program providing financial assistance.

Means test

An assessment to determine if a person qualifies for government assistance based on income and resources.

Entitlement program

Government programs that provide financial benefits to eligible (everyone) individuals, such as Social Security.

Medicare

Health care for the elderly

Medicaid

Healthcare for the poor

ESSAY

1. Compare and Contrast Parliamentary and Presidential systems of government. What are the major features of each and what are the advantages and disadvantages of each? What are the requirements both official nd unofficial, to be President? What is required to win the Presidency?  Also discuss impeachment and Presidential succession.

ESSAY

2. Discuss the six roles of the President. What are the President's powers and responsibilities in each role? Note any Congressional acts that impact the President's ability to carry out these roles

1) Chief of State- Ceremonial and Symbolic, comfort the country in tragedy,

2) Chief Administrator- President makes sure money is spent wisely, ensures laws are faithfully carried out, Has law enforcement powers like pardon powers, appoints judges and DAs

3) Chief Legislator- had lobbying power and can support his supporters, veto powers the president has a pocket veto (can only be used once congress has adjourned) and a general veto but not a line item veto

4) Economic Manager- President in charge of
strong economy and full employment (95).

5) Chief Diplomat- he speaks for the country, also in charge of foreign policy, makes treaties

6) Commander in Chief- In charge of the military, but congress declares war

Congressional Acts: War powers Act- president must notify congress within 48 hours of sending troops to hostile environment.

Case act requires the president to notify congress of any executive agreements, basically treaties without the approval of the senate.

ESSAY

3. Discuss who makes foreign policy. Who are the key people, agencies, departments and groups that help shape American Foreign Policy.

The President

• Appoints Ambassadors
• Makes treaties with two thirds of the Senate
• Makes Executive Agreements
• Recognizes Countries
• Foreign Aid packages
• Commander in chief

Congress

• declares war

• approves treaties and ambassadors

Department of State

• Runs the day-to-day operations of
American Foreign Policy
• Maintains Embassies
• Passports, Visas

Department of Defense
• Provides President with military options
• Threat assessment
• Military Intelligence
• Implements military policy

National Security Council

• coordinate diplomatic and military policy

Intelligence Agencies

CIA

• coordinates and gathers intelligence

•analyses data

NSA

• code breaking

• cyber war

NGOs
•Interest groups that lobby on
Social Issues

interest Groups

• Selling us products abroad
• Consumer
• Military

the public.

•Protests