Second World War and Cold War in the Americas

Flashcards about the Second World War and the Cold War in the Americas.

Good Neighbor Policy (1933)

Franklin D. Roosevelt's policy aimed at improving relations with Latin America through non-military intervention and respect for sovereignty.

Inter-American Conference in Montevideo

Declared that no nation has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another nation, effectively nullifying the Platt Amendment.

1936 Buenos Aires Pan-American Conference

Agreement to consult if any aggression threatened the region and signing a neutrality pact in the event of conflict.

1938 Lima Conference

Agreement on mutual cooperation if any American state is threatened and reaffirmation of unity against European and Asian threats.

U.S. Support to Latin America

Arms supplied to various Latin American nations by the U.S. to strengthen alliances.

United States in WWII

Officially entered WWII after Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, undergoing massive military and economic mobilization.

"Arsenal of Democracy"

Produced weapons for Allies, becoming a major supplier of war materials.

Independent Act

Canada's declaration of war on Germany in September 1939.

Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF)

Trained tens of thousands of pilots, half of whom were Canadian, as part of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.

Canadian Navy in WWII

Grew from 15 ships and 1800 sailors to over 400 ships, becoming the third-largest Allied navy.

Canadian Army in WWII

Involved in the Dieppe Raid in August 1942 and participated in action in Sicily, Italy, and the D-Day invasions, capturing Juno Beach.

Canadian Manufacturing in WWII

Produced over 16,000 aircraft for the war effort and supplied hundreds of millions of dollars in loans for war materials to the UK.

Hyde Park Declaration (April 1941)

Linked Canadian manufacturing with the American Lend-Lease Act.

Impact of WWII on Canada

Over 45,000 Canadians killed, with significant domestic impacts including immigration restrictions and later resettlement of Holocaust survivors.

Social Impact of WWII in Canada

Led to a huge increase in employment and growth in the labor force, higher living standards, and the development of federal social welfare programs.

Brazil’s Neutrality

Brazil's initial policy in line with the Good Neighbor Policy with the United States.

"Pendulum Policy"

President Getúlio Vargas' policy of balancing relations between the United States and Germany for exports.

Brazil's Entry into WWII

Broke diplomatic relations with Germany in January 1942 and declared war on Germany in August 1942.

Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB)

Sent the Brazilian Expeditionary Force (FEB) to fight alongside US troops in the Italian campaign in 1944.

Brazil's Support for Allies

Allowed the United States to establish naval and air bases on its coast, providing logistical aid to the North African campaign.

Brazil's Immigration Policy during WWII

Severely limited Jewish immigration during the war due to political challenges with a large German minority.

Impact of WWII on Brazil

Economic modernization with new industries and increased prestige after the war.

Mexico in WWII

Sent Mexican pilots to help the U.S. in the Pacific (Squadron 201) and participated in the Bracero Program, sending laborers to U.S. farms and railroads.

Executive Order 9066 (1942)

Forced relocation and internment of approximately 120,000 Japanese Americans due to fear of espionage and racism.

Significance of US use of atomic weapons against Japan

Ended WWII in the Pacific in August 1945 and led to the beginning of the nuclear age.

Economic boom in the United States during WWII

War production ended the Great Depression, helping U.S. become a global superpower.

Containment

Truman’s policy aimed to prevent the spread of communism and Soviet influence.

Loyalty-Security Program

Executive Order 9835, issued by President Truman in March 1947, to root out potential spies in US government agencies.

McCarthyism

The hunt for suspected communists within the United States.

Waging economic war

Began

Korean War

The US viewed anti-communism in Korea as strategically important for containment policy

New Look policy

Policy employed to undermined governments seen as threatening regional stability or opening the door to Soviet influence in Latin America.

Jacobo Arbenz

Leader of Guatemala was seen as socialist and pro-soviet, promoted land reforms that affected the US-based United Fruit Company.

Panama Canal Treaty (1977)

Addressed Latin America due to anti-American sentiment and riots over control over canal zone

Carter

Shifted US policy to emphasize human rights over anti-communism

USA Hostility

Economic sanctions, sugar boycott in response to Castro