Grade 10 Biology- 2.1 Cell Structure

Ms. Labi SNC2D

What is the cell theory?

1. A cell is the smallest living unit in all organisms

2. All living things are made of cells

3. All cells come from pre-existing cells

Unicellular

Has one cell

Multicellular

Has multiple cells

What are the 2 major cell groups?

Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Prokaryotes consist of:

Archaea and Bacteria

Eukaryotes consist of:

Fungi, Animals, Protists, Plants

Do Prokaryotes have DNA?

Yes

Do Prokaryotes have cytoplasm?

Yes

Do Prokaryotes have ribosomes?

Yes

Do Prokaryotes have a cell membrane?

Yes

Do Prokaryotes have a nucleus?

No

Do Prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles?

No

Do Eukaryotes have DNA?

Yes

Do Eukaryotes have cytoplasm?

Yes

Do Eukaryotes have ribosomes?

Yes

Do Eukaryotes have a cell membrane?

Yes

Do Eukaryotes have a nucleus?

Yes

Do Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles?

Yes

What’s another name for the cell membrane?

Plasma membrane

Semipermeable

Only select molecules can get in or out

Homeostasis

Keeping the cell stable

Protein is made up of a chain of:

Amino acids

Ribosomes are found on the

Cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth ER helps in

Detoxification (so theres many in the liver)

What can modify molecules?

Enzymes

Mitochondria produces energy (ATP) using:

Glucose and oxygen

Lysosomes

Use energy to break down germs and food

Cell membrane

Controls what goes in and out of the cell- semipermeable

Cytoplasm

Surrounds are the internal cell structures (organelles) jelly like

Cytoskeleton

Fibres that provide support for the organelles and cell movement

Ribosomes

Produce proteins using the code from DNA

Nucleus

It holds the genetic material (DNA), it controls the cell’s activities

Nucleolus

Produces ribosomes and RNA

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

It changes and transports materials. Smooth- fat and rough- protein and send those molecules to the cells

Vesicles

Small sacs made by both ER and the Golgi body that can be secreted out of the cell

Golgi body/ apparatus

It can recieve items form the vesicles, it has enzymes that can modify molecules it may receive, package and sort materials.

Mitochondria(ion)

It makes ATP energy called cellular respiration

Cell wall- PLANT CELL ONLY

A layer that provides additional structure, protection, and shape.

Chloroplasts- PLANT CELL ONLY

Have green pigments call chlorophyll to capture light energy. Produce glucose and oxygen by photosynthesis.

Vacuoles

Larger vesicle that stores materials and water (big central one in plants)

Enzymes

Proteins that speed up chemical reactions. Digest food, kill germs, and copy DNA.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

Photosynthesis equation

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

Cellular respiration equation

C6H12O6+6O2→6CO2+6H2O+ATP

What organelle does photosynthesis take place in?

Chloroplast

What organelle does cellular respiration take place in?

Mitochondria

Does photosynthesis capture or release energy?

Capture

Does cellular respiration capture or release energy?

Release

What does DNA stand for?

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Chromatin

Strands of DNA

Chromosomes

Thick coils of DNA

What does RNA do?

Copies genes from DNA and transfers the code to the ribosome

DNA

Code that makes all the proteins for the cell, including hormones, building blocks, immunity, repair, and enzymes.

Gene

The sequence of DNA for one protein

Mutation

DNA that has changed in code, might cause a tumour!

Which plant cell organelle is A?

Cell membrane

Which plant cell organelle is B?

Cytoplasm

Which plant cell organelle is C?

Mitochondrion (ia-plural)

Which plant cell organelle is D?

Ribosome

Which plant cell organelle is E?

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which plant cell organelle is F?

Vesicle

Which plant cell organelle is G?

Golgi body/apparatus

Which plant cell organelle is H?

Nucleus

Which plant cell organelle is I?

Vacuole

Which plant cell organelle is J?

Cytoskeleton

Which plant cell organelle is K?

Cell wall

Which plant cell organelle is L?

Chloroplast

Which animal cell organelle is A?

Cell membrane

Which animal cell organelle is B?

Cytoplasm

Which animal cell organelle is C?

Mitochondrion (ia-plural)

Which animal cell organelle is D?

Ribosome

Which animal cell organelle is E?

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Which animal cell organelle is F?

Vesicle

Which animal cell organelle is G?

Golgi body/apparatus

Which animal cell organelle is H?

Nucleus

Which animal cell organelle is I?

Vacuole

Which animal cell organelle is J?

Cytoskeleton