10-Social-NCERT-Geography-Chapter-1

Resource

Everything available in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible, and culturally acceptable.

Biotic Resources

Resources derived from living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms.

Abiotic Resources

Resources derived from non-living things, such as rocks, minerals, and water.

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished naturally over time, such as solar energy, wind energy, and biomass.

Non-renewable Resources

Resources that do not replenish at a significant rate relative to their consumption, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Resource Planning

The process of assessing the available resources and devising strategies to manage them effectively.

Sustainable Development

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Land Degradation

The deterioration of the land's capacity to support life, often caused by human activities such as deforestation, overgrazing, and pollution.

Soil Erosion

The removal of the topsoil layer by natural forces or human activity, leading to loss of soil fertility.

Afforestation

The process of planting trees in an area where there was no previous tree cover to combat land degradation and improve biodiversity.

Agenda 21

A comprehensive plan of action to be taken globally, nationally, and locally by organizations of the United Nations system, governments, and major groups in every area in which humans impact the environment.

Environmental Pollution

The introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment, leading to adverse effects on ecosystems and human health.

Land Use Pattern

The way in which land resources are distributed and utilized, influenced by economic, social, and physical factors.

Coal

A non-renewable fossil fuel that is primarily used as a source of energy and is formed from decomposed vegetation subjected to heat and pressure over millions of years.

Minerals

Naturally occurring inorganic substances with a definite chemical composition, essential for various economic activities.

Global Warming

The long-term rise in Earth's average surface temperature due to human activities, mainly fossil fuel burning which increases heat-trapping greenhouse gas levels.

Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit (1992)

A landmark conference focused on sustainable development and environmental protection, leading to the signing of important treaties like the Declaration on Global Climatic Change.

Black Soil

Soil that is rich in moisture and ideal for cotton cultivation, mainly found in the Deccan plateau of India.

Alluvial Soil

Fertile soil deposited by river systems, highly productive for crops like rice, wheat, and sugarcane.

Deforestation

The action of clearing a wide area of trees, impacting biodiversity and contributing to land degradation.

Overgrazing

Excessive grazing by livestock that damages grasslands and leads to soil erosion and degradation.