military vocab for livy unseens

signa, orum 2n pl

standards

signa ferre, tollere

to bear the standards

turma, ae 1f

squadron (of cavalry)

manipulus, i 2m

company (of infantry)

eques 2m/equites 2m pl

cavalry

acies, ei 5f

battle line

agmen, is 3n

column

juventus/qui arma ferre possunt

those of military age

levi armatura

light armed troops

expediti 2m pl

troops ready for battle

sagittarii 2m pl

archers

subsidia, orum 2n pl

reserves

exploratores, speculatores 3m pl

scouts

tirones 3m pl

recruits

legionarii 2m pl

heavy-armed troops

supplementum, novae copiae

reinforcements

auxilia 2n pl

auxiliary forces

magnae copiae

large force

exigua manus

small force

centuriones 3m pl

centurions, non commissioned officers

legati 2m pl

officers

praefectus equitum

commander of the cavalry

summam imperii alicui deferre

to appoint someone to chief command

aliquem legioni praeficere

to give someone command of legion

legioni praeesse

to be at the head of a legion

arma sumere

to take up arms

arma expedire

to make ready for battle

in armis esse

to be under arms

ab armis discedere

to lay down arms

arma abicere

to throw away arms

vi et armis

by armed force

crebra tela, magna vis telorum

a shower of missiles

mittere, conicere

to shoot

within/out of range

intra, extra teli jactum

gladium stringere

to draw (a sword)

gladium in vaginam recondere

to sheath one's sword

scutum, i 2n

shield

lorica, ae 1f

breast plate

pilum, i 2n

javelin

conscribere

to enlist men

delectum habere

to hold a levy

in verba jurare alicujus

to take the oath of allegiance

stipendia merere

to serve a campaign

dimittere

to disband

emeritus

discharged

militiam detrectare

to avoid military service

perfuga, transfuga 1f

deserter

seditio, onis 3f

mutiny

seditiosus

mutinous

casta capere, locum castris/ad castra idoneum deligere

to choose a site for camp

castra ponere/munire

to pitch camp

castra movere/promovere

to strike camp

castra nudare

to leave camp undefended

castris se tenere/continere

to remain inactive in

vallum, i 2n

palisade

agger, is 3m

rampart

cubias/custodia agere

to be on guard/keep watch

vallum exstruere/facere

to raise a rampart

fossa

ditch/trench

fossam ducere

to make a trench

primum agmen

vanguard

novissimum agmen

rearguard

iter facere/contendere

march

magnum iter

forced march

agmine quadrato/confertis ordinibus

with closed ranks

agmen claudere

to bring up the rear

itinere intercludi

to have one's passage barred

iter intermittere

to stop marching

signa convertere

to change one's route

consistere

to halt

superare collem

to climb a hill

exercitum flumen traducere

to transport an army over a river

commeatus, us 4m

supplies

frumentum, -i 2n

corn supply

hostes commeatu intercludere/prohibere

to cut off the enemy's supplies

rem frumentariam comparare

to look after the corn supply

parare/suppeditare frumentum

to procure supplies

commeatus suppetit

there are supplies in abundance

magna vis commeatus

an abundance of supplies

bellum indicere

to proclaim war

bellum inferre

to make war upon

bellum ducere

to drag on war

belli initium facere

to begin war

bellum conficere

to finish a war

bellum redintergrare

to renew the war

bellum administrare

to conduct a war

bellum illatum defendere

to act on the defensive

deficere

to rebel, revolt

apparatus belli

war materials

incursionem, excursionem facere

to make an invasion

omni ferro ignique vastare

to ravage with fire and sword

ferre praedam

to carry off booty

agros vastare

to lay waste the country

subigere, in potestatem redigere

to subjugate

aliquem in officio continere

to keep in submission

in officio permanere

to remain in submission

in deditionem venire

to submit

proelium committere, signa conferre

to engage

eminus pugnare

to fight at a distance

comminus pugnare

fight at close quarters