Pathophysiology Module 1 Flashcards

Flashcards covering pathophysiology concepts including inflammation, cellular processes, cancer, and specific diseases like sinusitis and gastritis.

Basement membrane

The structure that separates epithelial tissue from the underlying tissue.

Pain

One of the four characteristics of inflammation, alongside redness, heat, and swelling.

Mucous membranes

A component of the first line of defense, which also includes the skin.

Inflammatory response

The body's second line of defense.

Immune response

The body's third line of defense.

Tissue injury

The event that triggers acute inflammation.

Blood flow

The specific type of flow to the injury site that is increased by the vascular response.

Exudate

Fluid that seeps from a wound.

Degranulation

The process through which mast cells release inflammatory mediators.

White blood cell

The category of blood cell to which basophils belong.

Monocytes

The precursor cells from which macrophages originate.

Inflammation

The process regulated by cytokines.

Vascular permeability

The property that increases, along with vasodilation, due to the release of serotonin.

Chemotaxis

The movement of cells toward the injury site.

Phagocytosis

The process of engulfing harmful agents.

Erythema

The clinical term for redness.

Edema

The clinical term for swelling.

Pyrexia

The clinical term for fever.

WBC count

The metric that is increased in leukocytosis.

CRP

A lab test used to detect inflammation.

Elevation

The final component of the RICE protocol, standing for rest, ice, compression, and elevation.

Hemostasis

The stopping of blood flow.

Fibroblasts

Cells that produce collagen.

Collagen

A substance that helps to fill tissue gaps.

Elastin

A protein that allows tissue to stretch and recoil.

Granulation tissue

A type of tissue that contains macrophages and fibroblasts.

Angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels.

Mitosis

The cellular process that permanent cells cannot undergo.

Parenchymal cells

The specific cells whose permanent loss results from necrosis.

Secondary intention

A type of healing that occurs in open wounds.

Microorganisms

Agents whose invasion constitutes an infection.

Perfusion

A term referring to oxygenated blood flow.

Keloids

Structures that result from excessive collagen production.

Adhesions

Fibrous connections that form between tissues.

Granulomas

Nodular inflammatory lesions.

Paranasal sinuses

The specific sinuses affected by inflammation in sinusitis.

Acute sinusitis duration

An inflammatory condition that lasts between $4-8$ weeks.

Chronic sinusitis duration

An inflammatory condition that lasts more than $12$ weeks.

Shock

A state of inadequate perfusion that can be caused by burns.

Sepsis

A bacterial infection of the blood.

Gastritis

Inflammation of the stomach lining.

Gram-negative bacterium

The classification of the H. pylori bacterium.

Pancreas

The organ affected by inflammation in pancreatitis.

Ulcerative colitis

A type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) alongside Crohn disease.

Aging

The gradual deterioration of a mature organism.

Telomeres

Structures that protect the ends of chromosomes.

Free radicals

Agents that cause cellular damage.

Osteoporosis

A condition characterized by the loss of bone density.

Calcitonin

A hormone that decreases calcium levels in the blood.

Oncology

The study of cancer.

Body cells

The types of cells that divide during mitosis.

Gametes

The specific cells produced by meiosis.

Differentiation

The process of cellular maturation.

Carcinogenesis

The development of cancer.

Oncogenes

Genes that have mutated and contribute to cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes

Genes responsible for regulating cell division.

Metastasis

The spread of cancer to distant sites.

Staging

A process that evaluates tumor size, nodes, and metastasis.

Cachexia

A condition that causes loss of weight.

Palliative care

Medical care that focuses on symptom relief.