Learning Theories and Motivation Theories

This set of flashcards covers key concepts from learning and motivation theories to aid in exam preparation.

What is classical conditioning and who is associated with it?

Classical conditioning is a type of learning where you associate two unrelated things; Ivan Pavlov is associated with this theory.

What does operant conditioning focus on?

Operant conditioning focuses on the consequences that follow a behavior, which can increase (reinforcement) or decrease (punishment) that behavior.

What does the Information Processing Theory by Atkinson and Schriffin explain?

The Information Processing Theory explains how our brain works like a computer, processing input, storing it in memory, and producing output.

What is Cognitive Load Theory, and who proposed it?

Cognitive Load Theory, proposed by Sweller, states that our brain can only handle a certain amount of information at once, and breaking it into smaller chunks aids learning.

What are the three types of cognitive load?

Intrinsic cognitive load (complexity of new information), germane cognitive load (deep processing of information), and extraneous cognitive load (distractions from processing information).

What does Richard Mayer's Cognitive Theory of Multimedia state?

It states that people learn better when using both words and pictures together, as they process these differently.

Who is associated with constructivism in learning theories?

Jean Piaget is associated with constructivism, which posits that learning occurs through interaction with the environment.

What is observational learning theory and who is credited for it?

Observational learning theory, credited to Bandura, Ross, and Ross, focuses on learning by observing others' behavior.

What did Lev Vygotsky contribute to social learning theory?

Lev Vygotsky contributed the concept that we learn new behaviors by observing and imitating others, highlighting the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).

What is connectivism and who proposed this theory?

Connectivism, proposed by George Sieman, suggests that learning happens by connecting with others and sharing knowledge in a networked environment.

What do mastery goals represent in goal orientation theory?

Mastery goals are associated with intrinsic motivation and the enjoyment of learning material.

What is the difference between mastery goals and performance goals?

Mastery goals focus on intrinsic enjoyment of learning, while performance goals imply extrinsic motivation and can lead to higher grades but varied outcomes.

What are attribution theories concerned with?

Attribution theories are concerned with perceptions about the causes of success and failure, reflecting personal beliefs about these sources.

What is self-efficacy?

Self-efficacy refers to the belief in one's own capability to carry out a specific task or achieve a specific goal.

What three basic needs does self-determination theory identify?

Autonomy (freedom of constraints), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected to others).

How is motivation defined in the context of behavior?

Motivation is defined as a theoretical construct explaining the initiation, direction, intensity, persistence, and quality of behavior.

What does expectancy-value theory suggest?

Expectancy-value theory suggests that motivation is influenced by students' expectations of success and the value they place on tasks.

What strategies can be used for designing motivation in learning?

Strategies include gaining attention, demonstrating relevance, creating confidence, and enhancing satisfaction through rewards.