CPCE Human Growth & Development

CH 3 Based on the Encyclopedia of Counseling

Freud’s stages are psychosexual while Erik Erikson’s stages are

psychometric

psychodiagnostic

psychopharmacological

psychosocial

psychosocial

In Freudian theory instincts are emphasized. Erik Erikson' is an ego psychologist. Ego psychologists

emphasize id processes

refute the concept of the superego

believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior

are sometimes knows as radical behaviorists

believe in man’s powers of reasoning to control behavior

The only psychoanalyst who created a developmental theory which encompasses the entire like span was

Erik Erikson

Milton H. Erickson

A.A. Brill

Jean Piaget

Erik Erikson

Jean Piaget’s theory has four stages. The correct order from stage 1 to 4 is

formal operational, concrete operational, pre operational, sensorimotor

formal operational, pre operational, concrete operational, sensorimotor

sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational

concrete operational, sensorimotor, pre operational, formal operational

sensorimotor, pre operational, concrete operational, formal operational

Some behavioral scientists have been critical of the Swiss child psychologist Jean Piaget’s developmental research inasmuch as

he utilized the t test too frequently

he failed to check for type 1 or alpha errors

he worked primarily with minority children

his findings were often derived from observing his own children

his findings were often derived from observing his own children

In Piagetian literature, conservation would most likely refer to

volume or mass

defenses of the ego

the sensorimotor intelligence stage

a specific psychosexual stage of life

volume or mass

A tall skinny pitcher of water is emptied into a small squatty pitcher. A child indicated that she feels the small pitcher has less water. The child has not yet mastered

symbolic schema

conservation

androgynous psychosocial issues

trust versus mistrust

conservation

A child masters conservation in the Piagetian stage known as

formal operational - 12+

concrete operational - 7 to 11

pre operational - 2 to 7

sensorimotor - birth to 2 years

concrete operational - 7 to 11

_______ expanded on PIaget’s conceptualization of moral development

Erik Erikson

Lev Vygotsky

Lawrence Kohlberg

John B. Watson

Lawrence Kohlberg

During a thunderstorm, a 6 year old in Piaget’s pre operational thought (stage 2) says, “The rain is following me.” This is an example of

egocentrism

conversation

centration

abstract thought

egocentrism

Kohlberg suggested

a single level of morality

two levels of morality

three levels of morality

pre operational thought as the basis for all morality

three levels of morality

The Heinz story is to Kohlberg’s theory as

a brick is to a house

Freud is to Jung

the Menninger Clinic is to biofeedback

a typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered

a typing test is to the level of typing skill mastered

The term identity crisis comes from the work of

counselors who stress RS involvement issues with clients

Erikson

Adler

Jung

Erikson

Kohlberg’s three levels of morality are

pre conventional, conventional, postconventional

formal, pre formal, self-accepted

self-accepted, other directed, authority directed

pre conventional, formal, authority directed

pre conventional, conventional, postconventional

Trust versus mistrust is

an Adlerian notional of morality

Erik Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development

essentially equivalent to Piaget’s concept of egocentrism

the basis of morality according to Kohlberg

Erik Erikson’s first stage of psychosocial development

A person who has successfully mastered Erikson’s first seven stages would be ready to enter Erikson’s final or eighth stage,

generativity versus stagnation

initiative versus guilt

identity crisis of the later years

integrity versus despair

integrity versus despair

In Kohlberg’s first or pre conventional level, the individual’s moral behavior is guided by

psychosexual stages

consequences

periodic fuge stages

counterconditioning

consequences

Kohlberg’s second level of morality is known as conventional morality. This level is characterized by

psychosexual stages

a desire to live up to society’s expectations

a desire to conform

both b and c

both b and c

Kohlberg’s highest level of morality is termed as postconventional morality. Here the individual

must truly contend with psychosexual urges

has the so-called goodboy/goodgirl orientation

has self-imposed morals and ethics

both a and b

has self-imposed morals and ethics

According to Kohlberg, level 3 postconventional moral principles,

refers to the Native Hedonism stage

operates on the premise that rewards guide morals

both a and b

is the highest level of morality. However, some people never reach this level

is the highest level of morality characterized by individual principles that transcend societal norms and beliefs.

The zone of proximal development

was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky

was pioneered by Piaget and Kohlberg

emphasized organ inferiority

all of the above

was pioneered by Lev Vygotsky

Frued and Erikson

could be classified as behaviorists

could be classified as maturationists

agreed that developmental stages are psychosexual

were prime movers in biofeedback movement

could be classified as maturationists

John Bowlby’s name is most closely associated with

the work of psychologist and pediatrician, Arnold Gesell, a maturationist

developmental stage theories

bonding and attachment

the unconscious mind

bonding and attachment

In which Eriksonian stage does the midlife crisis occur?

generativity versus stagnation

integrity versus despair

a and b

Erikson’s stages do not address midlife issues

generativity versus stagnation

The researcher who is well known for his work with maternal deprivation and isolation in rhesus monkeys is

Harry Harlow

John Bowlby

Lawrence Kohlberg

all of the above

Harry Harlow

The statement' “Males are better than females when performing mathematical calculations” is

false.

true due to a genetic flaw commonly found in women.

true only in middle-aged men.

true according to research by Maccoby and Jacklin

true according to research by Maccoby and Jacklin