AP World History Unit 1 The Global Tapestry

Flashcards on Global Tapestry (c. 1200 - c. 1450)

Song Dynasty

Wealthiest and most innovative empire in the world between 1200 and 1450, located in China.

Imperial Bureaucracy

A vast organization in which appointed officials carried out the empire's policies, a feature of Chinese government since the Qin dynasty.

Meritocracy

China's bureaucratic system under the Song, where officials obtained positions by demonstrating merit on civil service exams based on Confucian texts.

Grand Canal

An inexpensive and efficient internal waterway transportation system in China that extended over 30,000 miles, enabling China to become the most populous trading area in the world.

Champa Rice

Fast-ripening and drought-resistant strain of rice from the Champa Kingdom in present-day Vietnam that greatly expanded agricultural production in China.

Proto-industrialization

A set of economic changes in which people in rural areas made more goods than they could sell, relying more on home-based or community-based production using simple equipment, experienced by China under the Song.

Scholar Gentry

A new social class in China formed due to bureaucratic expansion, educated in Confucian philosophy, and becoming the most influential social class.

Foot binding

A practice that became common among aristocratic families during the Song Dynasty, restricting women's ability to move and participate in the public sphere.

Woodblock Printing

A system of printing developed in China where people could make multiple copies of art or written texts without laboriously copying each by hand.

Buddhism

A religion that came to China from India via the Silk Roads, becoming widespread during the Tang Dynasty.

Neo-Confucianism

A syncretic system that evolved in China between 770 and 840, combining rational thought with the more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism, emphasizing ethics rather than the mysteries of God and nature.

Sinification

The assimilation of Chinese traditions and practices in countries such as Japan, Korea and Vietnam.

Shogun

Military ruler installed by the Minamoto clan in Japan in 1192, reigning with little power while the emperor remained a figurehead.

Dar al-Islam

A term referring to the lands under Islamic rule. From 1200 to 1450 Islamic states arose, and major religious systems shaped society.

Mamluk Sultanate

Established in Egypt (1250-1517) by Mamluks, who were often ethnic Turks purchased as enslaved people to serve as soldiers and bureaucrats.

Seljuk Turks

A Central Asian group who challenged the Abbasids, conquering parts of the Middle East starting in the 11th century and reducing the role of the Abbasid caliph.

Crusaders

European Christian soldiers who organized to reopen access to Christian holy sites in and around Jerusalem after the Seljuk Turks limited travel.

Sufis

Muslims who emphasized introspection in order to grasp truths that they believed could not be understood through learning.

Vijayanagara Empire

An empire that existed from the mid-1300s until the mid-1500s, when a group of Muslim kingdoms overthrew it.

Delhi Sultanate

An Islamic force managed to conquer the city of Delhi and much of the northern portion of South Asia. Bringing Islam into India, the Delhi Sultanate reigned for 300 years, from the 13th through the 16th centuries.

Proselytize

Actively seek converts.

Qutub Minar

A gigantic leaning tower, the tallest structure in India. Rulers from the Delhi Sultanate built an elaborate mosque on top of a Hindu temple and used materials for the mosque from nearby Hindu and other religious shrines.

Urdu

An entirely new language developed among Muslims of South Asia, melded the grammatical pattern of Hindi (the language of Northern Indians), and with the vocabulary of Arabic and some elements of Farsi (the language of Persians).

Bhakti Movement

Beginning in the 12th century, some Hindus began to draw upon traditional teachings about the importance of emotion in their spiritual life.

Srivijaya Empire

A Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra. It built up its navy and prospered by charging fees for ships traveling between India and China.

Majapahit Kingdom

Based on Java had 98 tributaries at its height. Like Srivijaya, Majapahit sustained its power by controlling sea routes. Unlike Srivijaya, Majapahit was Buddhist.

Khmer Empire

Was situated near the Mekong River and also did not depend on maritime prowess for its power. The kingdom's complex irrigation and drainage systems led to economic prosperity, making it one of the most prosperous kingdoms in Southeast Asia.

Matrilineal Society

A society in which social standing was determined by the woman's side of the family.

Chinampas

On Lake Texcoco, the Aztecs built floating gardens called chinampas to increase the amount of space for food production.

Theocracy

Is rule by religious leaders.

Incan Empire

A tribal leader, Pachacuti, which means "transformer" or "shaker" of the earth, began conquering the tribes living near what is now Cuzco, Peru.

Mit'a System

rather, they were subject to the mit'a system, mandatory public service. Men between the ages of 15 and 50 provided agricultural and other forms oflabor, including the construction of roads.

Animism

The belief that elements of the physical world could have supernatural powers.

Carpa Nan

massive roadway system constructed by the Inca

Swahili

In East Africa, traders blended Bantu and Arabic to develop a new language, Swahili. Today, Swahili is spoken by various groups in the African Great Lakes region as well as other parts of Southeast Africa.

Trans-Saharan Trade

a network of trading routes across the great desert

Kin-based networks

where families governed themselves.

Feudalism

European civilization in the Middle Ages was characterized by a decentralized political organization based on a system of exchanges of land for loyalty known as feudalism.

manorial system

provided economic self-sufficiency and defense.

three-field system

crops were rotated through three fields, came into use.

bourgeoisie

middle class, between the elite nobles and clergy and the mass of peasants.

Little Ice Age

cooling of the climate known a

Renaissance

revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, art, culture, and civic virtue.