Homologous
each of the four chromosomes from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent
Diploid
containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.
Haploid
An organism or cell having only one complete set of chromosomes.
Meiosis
when the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
Meiosis I
when the chromosome pairs are separated; not the single chromsome
Prophase I
each replicated chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome; crossing over occurs
tetrad
structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
crossing-over
lined up in homologous pairs; transferring of genetic info
metaphase 1
chromosomes pairs line up in the middle
anaphase I
chromosomes are pulled away from pair
Telophase I
two newly formed nuclei
Cytokinesis
Follows telophase, forming two new cells
Zygote
fertilized egg
Diploid number
2 times haploid number
Difference between mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis: two sets of genetic material separate, each daughter cell receives one complete set of chromosomes (46)
Meiosis: homologous chromosomes line up and then move to separate daughter cells (23)
genetics
Study of heredity
fertilization
Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell
trait
specific characteristic of an individual
hybrids
Offspring of crosses between parents with different traits
genes
factors that are passed from parent to offspring
alleles
Different forms of a gene
Segregation
Separation of alleles during gamete formation
Gametes
sex cells
prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, telophase II
same as mitosis