Court Cases

Marbury v Madison

Established Judicial Review

Schenck v US

Established Clear and Present Danger Test

Gitlow v NY

Incorporated Free Speech

Brandenburg v Ohio

Direct Incitement test

Weeks v US

Established the Exclusionary Rule

Mapp v OH

Incorporated the Exclusionary Rule

Maryland v Garrison

Created the Honest Mistake exception to the Exclusionary Rule

Gideon v Wainwright

Incorporated 6th Amendment, right to an attorney

Miranda v Arizona

Right to be Informed of Charges

Morse v Fredericks

Narrowed Tinker Ruling

Snyder v Phelps

Broadened Free Speech protections

Tinker v Des Moines

Substantial Disruption Test

New Jersey v TLO

Reasonable suspicion search allowed only in schools

Texas v Johnson

Flag burning is protected speech

Miller v California

Obscenity test established

NYTimes v Sullivan

1st Amendment protects all statements, even false ones, about the conduct of public officials except when made with actual malice

US v Nixon

Executive privilege not absolute

NYTimes v US

Prior restraint restrictions clarified (Nixon Papers allowed to be published)

Everson v Board of Education

Separation of Church and State

Engel v Vitale

No recitation of prayer in public schools

Employment Division of OR v Smith

Government can enforce laws that apply to everyone, even if they conflict with religious beliefs

Wisconsin v Yoder

Amish schooling exemption granted