2.8 - Peripheral Blood

Tranport, coagulation, thermoregulation

name a few functions of blood (there are many)

peripheral blood

consists of the circulating blood in a closed circulation system

Bone marrow, lymphatic organs, or sites of hematopoesis

Where is peripheral blood NOT found

connective tissue

What type of tissue is blood considered

formed elements

technical named for a blood cell because of the fact that it lacks a nucleus making it not a true cell

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for gas transport.

Leukocytes

WBC that function in host defense

False

T/F - RBC and WBC are originated in the same place in the body

Platelets

formed element that functions in coagulation

Plasma

Fluid portion of blood (ECF) made up of primarily water, with dissolved substances including proteins (like albumin, globulins, and fibrinogen), electrolytes, nutrients (glucose, amino acids), hormones, waste products, and gases

Buffy coat

a thin light colored layer of white blood cells and platelets than lie between a top layer of plasma and red blood cells

Hematocrit

RBC component of blood

Polycythemia

What does this blood smear diagnose?

anemia

What does this blood smear diagnose?

Leukocytosis

What does this blood smear diagnose?

8 microns

Size of RBC (must know this to use a size reference for other cells)

by the spleen, liver, and occasionally the bone marrow

When a RBC is ready to "retire" how is it degraded

Biconcave

What is the shape of the RBC that allows for maximized surface area and maneuverability through small blood vessels

True

T/F - RBC have abundant hemoglobin, but no organelles

bone marrow

Where does erythropoiesis take place

Hypoxia

What is the main things that stimulates the production of more RBC

Eject the nucleus

How do RBC end up without a nucleus during development

Reticulocyte

immature RBC that can be used in the event of an emergency that causes blood loss

7 days

How long does erythropoesis take

True

T/F - leukocytes are transported in peripheral blood BUT don't function there

CT interstitial space

Where do WBCs function

neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils

3 granulocytes

secretory vesicle

Een though they are called granules, what really is a "granule"

lyosomes

What are the primary granules found in ALL CELLS

enzymes that have a special function

What are secondary granules

they work in parts of the body with low O2

Why do granulocytes mainly rely on glycolysis instead of their mitochondria for energy needs

Neutrophils

Most numerous WBC in the body

Neutrophils

WBC that functions in phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria - multi lobed nucleus

primary granules and antibacterial agent specific granules

2 granules types in neutrophils

pus

What is the result of the death of neutrophils

Neutrophil

Identify the WBC

Neutrophil

Identify the WBC

Eosinophil

WBC that functions in parasite destruction with a bilobed nucleus

Primary granules and major basic protein protein specific granules

What granules are present in the eosinophil

antiparasitic

What is the function of the specific granules in the eosinophil

Eosinophil

Identify the WBC

Eosinophil

Identify the WBC

Basophils

WBC that functions in initiating inflammatory responses and hypersensitivity reaction with a S-shaped nucleus and many dark granules

Primary granules and heparin and histamine specific granules

Granules of the basophil

Basophil

Identify the WBC

Basophil

Identify the WBC

lymphocytes and monocytes

2 types of agranulocytes

False

T/F - agranulocytes lack ALL granules, including primary granules

Lymphocytes

WBC that functions in immunity but can vary greatly in size between species - round large nucleus compared to amount of cytoplasm

Lymphocytes

What is the only WBC that will return to the blood after being in other tissues

Lymphocyte

Identify the WBC

Lymphocyte

Identify the WBC

B cells, T cells, and NK cells

3 types of lymphocytes

B cells

Type of lymphocyte that participates in antibody-mediated immunity and differentiate into plasma cells

T cells

Type of lymphocyte that participates in cell-mediated immunity and acts against foreign cells and virus infected cells

NK cells

Type of lymphocyte that will fight anything and initiate an immune response

Monocytes

Largest WBC that has the function of becoming a macrophage

Monocyte

Identify the WBC

Monocyte

Identify the WBC

Mast cells in the CT send out cytokines and chemoattractant

What is the first step of leukocyte transport to injury

Near a postcapillary venule

Where does leukocyte transport to injuries occur

Adhesion, the chemoattractant causes the WBC to adhere to the endothelium of the postcapillary venule

What is the second step of leukocyte transport to injury after the mast cells sends out its chemicals

Diapedesis, histamine and heparin help the WBC exit to the injury

What is the third step of leukocyte transport to injury after the WBC adheres to the venule endothelium

Ameboid movement, the cell moves to the injury

What is the 4th step of step of leukocyte transport to injury after the WBC exits the endothelium

WBC commits apoptosis or is eaten by macrophage

What is the final step of leukocyte transport to injury after the WBC did its job at the injury

Thrombocytes

Other name for platelets

Activating and finding injury, adhesion to the injury, aggregation of platelets around injury

3 main parts/steps of clotting by platelets

megakaryocytes

Large bone marrow cells that produce platelets.

sinusoidal capillaries in the bone marrow

What releases platelets into the blood stream

terminal arteriole

the last artery until you get to the capillary bed

Metarteriole

A blood vessel that emerges from an arteriole, traverses a capillary network, and empties into a venule.

precapillary sphincters

control the blood flow into capillary beds.

Postcapillary venule

venule that receives blood from a capillary

thoroughfare channel

intermediate between a capillary and a venule

Continuous capillary

Most common capillary that polices the RBC entry into the capillary and uses pinocytotic vesicles to bring things into the cell

Fenestrated capillary

Capillary with pores for increased permeability, found primarily in the gut

Sinusoid capillary

leakiest type of capillary allowing blood cells to enter and exit rapidly (many found in bone marrow)