advances and modern methods in organic chemsitry scope and limitations

what is the scope and limitations for cross coupling reactions involving organomagnesium

gringard reagents have a very low functional group tolerance so require to be protected by groups to avoid protonic sites. ethylene glycol and benzyl bromide are typical protecting groups. protonic groups result in nucleophilic attack or gringard reagent destruction

what is the scope and limitations of cross coupling reactions involving organozinc

Zn-R is less polar than Mg-R so the functional group tolerance is higher although zinc is air and moisture sensitive so you are required to produce it in-situ and store it in solution

what is the scope and limitations of cross coupling reactions involving organotin

high functional group tolerance although tin is extremely toxic so it limits the use in pharmaceutical and agricultural industries

what is the scope and limitations of cross coupling reactions involving copper acetylides

they are tolerant to most functional groups although ethylene is an explosive compound so need to protect it using silicon

what is the scope and limitations of cross coupling reactions involving enolates

a strong base is required so functional groups which are sensitive to strong bases are not suitable, and when substrates have b protons next to a carbonyl group unwanted side reactions occur such as reverse deprotonation, unwanted elimination, and competing b-hydride reactions

what is the scope and limitations of cross coupling reactions involving organosilanes

when the organosilane is synthesised using lithium/gringard reagents the functional group tolerance is low

what is the scope and limitations of cross coupling reactions (suzuki) boranes

it has a wide scope but when the ring has a nitrogen adjacent to the borane group is unstable or when the borane has bulk around is reluctant to coupling

what is the scope and limitations of cross coupling (Miyaura) diboranes