2.2.1 Electron structure
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43 Terms
Where in an atom do electrons occupy?
orbitals
What is an atomic orbital
a region in an atom around the nucleus that can hold up to 2 electrons with opposite spins
How many electrons can be held in each orbital?
2
What is a shell?
a group of orbitals with the same principle quantum number, n
What do orbitals in a shell share?
principle quahtum number
What is the quantum number of the shell closest to the nucleus?
1
How does energy level of shells change?
the closest to the nucleus has the lowest energy
n | shell | max electron number |
1 | ||
2 | ||
3 | ||
3 |
n | shell | max electron number |
1 | 1 | 2 |
2 | 2 | 8 |
3 | 3 | 10 |
4 | 4 | 32 |
How are electrons arranged within shells?
into sub-shells
What is a subshell?
a group of the same type of atomic orbitals within a shell
Name 4 types of orbitals
s, p, d, f
Name 4 types of subshell
s, p, d, f
How many orbitals are in a s subshell?
1
How many orbitals are in a p subshell?
3
How many orbitals are in a d subshell?
5
How many orbitals are in a f subshell?
7
How many electrons are present in the s subshell?
2
How many electrons are present in the p subshell?
6
How many electrons are present in the d subshell?
10
How many electrons are present in the f subshell?
14
What subshell is present in the 1st shell?
s
How many orbitals are present in the 1st shell?
1
What subshells are present in the 2nd shell?
s, p
How many orbitals are present in the 2nd shell?
4
What subshells are present in the 3rd shell?
s, p, d
How many orbitals are present in the 3rd shell?
9
What subshells are present in the 4th shell
s, p, d, f
How many orbitals are present in the eth shell?
16
What is the shape of an s orbital?
sphere
What is the shape of a p orbital?
hour-glass
Order the subshells 1s to 4f from lowest to highest energy
1s,2s,2p,3s,3p,4s,3d,4p,4f
Which 2 subshells overlap when ordering energies?
4s and 3d
In what order do electrons fill shells
from lowest energy level to highest energy level
What is the aufabau principle?
electrons fill from the lowest energy level to highest energy level
Compare the energies orbitals in the same subshell
they have the same energy levels
How do electrons fill orbitals with the same energy
singly then they pair up
In electron box diagrams how many boxes represent 1 orbital?
1
In electron box diagrams how many electrons can be held in 1 box?
2
In electron box diagrams how are electrons represented?
up or down arrows (opposite spins have opposite direction arrows)
Why do electrons fill orbitals singly then pair up?
they are more stable
Why would an element be an s block element?
the highest energy electron occupies an s-orbital
For main group ions when electrons are lost or gained where are they lost or gained?
the highest energy orbitals
Whar is the sub-shell notation for oxygen?
1s2, 2s2, 2p4