Society and economy (750–1400) (IB) (copy)

Feudalism

A hierarchical system in Europe centered around land ownership, with roles ranging from serfs to knights.

Serfdom

A system where serfs provided labor in exchange for protection and housing.

Manorial System

Economic structure where the lord of a manor held power, and peasants and serfs worked the land.

Three-field system

Crop rotation method dividing land into three parts, increasing agricultural efficiency.

Black Death

Bubonic Plague pandemic in the 14th century, causing labor shortages and social changes.

Guilds

Organizations regulating production and trade, contributing to economic growth.

Crusades

Introduced Europe to Eastern trade and technologies, opening a doorway for an increase in economic flow

Bourgeoisie

Middle class of merchants and traders not linked to nobility, influential in urban areas.

Silk Road

Trade route connecting China to the Mediterranean, revived by the Mongols.

Buddhism

Religion spread in East and Southeast Asia, emphasizing suffering and the path to enlightenment.

Feudal Dues

Peasants and serfs paid lords with labor and money.

Church Tithes

A 10% tax on produce to support the church.

Tang Dynasty

An imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 618 to 907

Song Dynasty

An imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279

Commercial Taxes

Taxes on markets, shops, and trade in the Song Dynasty.

Yuan Dynasty

A Mongol-led imperial dynasty of China and a successor state to the Mongol Empire after its division

Ming Dynasty

Implemented the Single Whip Reform in 1580 for tax collection.

Delhi Sultanate

A late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent

Technological Advancements

Included herbal medicine, irrigation, and ironworking.

Mali and Songhai Empires

Medieval period in Europe from approximately 500 to 1500

Medieval Europe

Utilized the Three-Field System, Heavy Plow, and Mechanical Clocks.

Genghis Khan

Mongol Empire founder, promoted trade, invaded regions, and established Pax Mongolica.

Kublai Khan

Genghis Khan's grandson, led Mongol invasion of Song Dynasty, and established Yuan Dynasty.

Zheng He

Ming commander with maritime expeditions using monsoon winds.

Mansa Musa

Mali Emperor known for wealth, gold spread, and promotion of Islam.

Ibn Battuta

Traveler who visited Mecca, Baghdad, Delhi, and Beijing.

Marco Polo

Venetian traveler who visited Kublai Khan's court and wrote "The Travels of Marco Polo."