NHA CCMA Medical Terminology and Clinical Review

Comprehensive practice flashcards covering medical terminology, clinical procedures, anatomy, phlebotomy, EKG, and administrative tasks for the NHA CCMA exam.

Brady-

A medical prefix meaning slow.

Tachy-

A medical prefix meaning fast.

Hyper-

A medical prefix meaning high or excessive.

Hypo-

A medical prefix meaning low or below normal.

Poly-

A medical prefix meaning many.

Peri-

A medical prefix meaning around.

Endo-

A medical prefix meaning within.

Epi-

A medical prefix meaning upon.

cardi

The root word for heart.

gastr

The root word for stomach.

hepat

The root word for liver.

nephr

The root word for kidney.

derm

The root word for skin.

neur

The root word for nerve.

oste

The root word for bone.

my

The root word for muscle.

hemat

The root word for blood.

pulmon

The root word for lung.

Combining Vowel

The letter, usually "o," used to connect a root word to a suffix or another root.

-itis

A medical suffix meaning inflammation.

-ectomy

A medical suffix meaning surgical removal.

-logy

A medical suffix meaning study of.

-oma

A medical suffix meaning tumor.

-pathy

A medical suffix meaning disease.

-scopy

A medical suffix meaning visual examination.

-megaly

A medical suffix meaning enlargement.

-emia

A medical suffix meaning blood condition.

Bradycardia

A slow heart rate.

Tachycardia

A fast heart rate.

Hypertension

High blood pressure.

Hypotension

Low blood pressure.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing.

Apnea

No breathing.

Cyanosis

Bluish skin color.

Edema

Swelling.

Hemorrhage

Excessive bleeding.

Syncope

Fainting.

Benign

Noncancerous.

Malignant

Cancerous.

Acute

Sudden onset.

Chronic

Long-lasting.

Normal Pulse

$$60–100 \text{ bpm}$$

Normal Blood Pressure

Around $120/80 \text{ mmHg}$

Normal Respirations

$$12–20 \text{ breaths/min}$$

Hematuria

Blood in urine.

Dysuria

Painful urination.

Polyuria

Excessive urination.

Pituitary

The master gland of the endocrine system.

Pancreas (Endocrine function)

Produces insulin.

Thyroid

Controls metabolism.

Adrenal glands

Responsible for the stress response.

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing the liver and gallbladder.

Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing the spleen and stomach.

Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing the appendix.

Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Abdominal quadrant containing the descending colon.

Supine

Patient position where they are flat on their back.

Prone

Patient position where they are flat on their stomach.

Lithotomy

Patient position used for pelvic exams.

Sims'

Patient position used for rectal exams and enemas.

Fowler's

Patient position used for patients with breathing problems.

Trendelenburg

Position that helps improve blood flow during hypotension, used according to clinical protocols.

OSHA

Agency that protects healthcare workers; includes Bloodborne Pathogens Standard and Needlestick Safety.

CDC

Agency that creates infection prevention guidelines, including Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions.

Standard Precautions

The practice of treating every patient as potentially infectious and using PPE when appropriate.

HIPAA

Law that protects patient privacy and Protected Health Information (PHI).

CLIA

Law that regulates laboratory testing, including CLIA-waived tests.

Sharps Containers

Disposal units for needles; should be replaced when about three-fourths full.

PO

Abbreviation for by mouth (Oral).

SL

Abbreviation for sublingual (under the tongue).

ID

Abbreviation for intradermal (into the dermis).

SubQ

Abbreviation for subcutaneous (into the fatty tissue).

IM

Abbreviation for intramuscular (into the muscle).

IV

Abbreviation for intravenous (into the vein).

PR

Abbreviation for rectal (into the rectum).

Six Rights of Medication Administration

Right patient, right medication, right dose, right route, right time, and right documentation.

PRN

Abbreviation for as needed.

BID

Abbreviation for twice daily.

TID

Abbreviation for three times daily.

QID

Abbreviation for four times daily.

AC

Abbreviation for before meals.

PC

Abbreviation for after meals.

STAT

Abbreviation for immediately.

Intradermal (ID) Angle

$$5–15^{\circ}$$

Subcutaneous (SubQ) Angle

$45^{\circ}$ or $90^{\circ}$ depending on body habitus and needle length.

Intramuscular (IM) Angle

$$90^{\circ}$$

CBC

Complete Blood Count; measures WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets.

CMP

Comprehensive Metabolic Panel; evaluates kidney function, liver function, electrolytes, and blood glucose.

Hemoglobin A1C

Measures the average blood glucose over the previous $2–3 \text{ months}$.

Lipid Panel

Measures total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides.

Quality Control (QC)

Ensures accurate test results and proper equipment performance (e.g., running control samples).

Quality Assurance (QA)

Focuses on improving the overall quality of healthcare through procedure review and training.

Median Cubital Vein

The most common vein used for phlebotomy because it is larger and better anchored.

Venipuncture Angle

$$15–30^{\circ}$$

Order of Draw

1. Blood cultures, 2. Light Blue, 3. Red/Gold/Tiger, 4. Green, 5. Lavender, 6. Gray.

Light Blue Tube Additive

Sodium Citrate.

Lavender Tube Additive

EDTA.

Gray Tube Additive

Sodium Fluoride/Potassium Oxalate.

Infant Capillary Puncture Site

Medial or lateral plantar surface of the heel.

SA Node

The natural pacemaker of the heart; the first step in the cardiac conduction system.

P Wave

Represents atrial depolarization (atrial contraction).