1.15 Native Americans and Early Cultures in America

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31 Terms

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๐Ÿœ Southwest

Pueblos, irrigation, Three Sisters
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๐ŸŒพ Great Plains

Nomadic lifestyle, horses, buffalo, teepees
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๐ŸŒฒ Eastern Woodlands

Iroquois Confederacy, longhouses, farming
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What similarities existed among Native American tribes?
Strong ties to nature, communal living, oral tradition, and spiritual beliefs
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How were Native American societies organized?
Through kinship ties, clans, and tribes
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How did the introduction of horses change Native American life?
It revolutionized travel, hunting, and trade on the Great Plains
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Where was the Maya civilization located?
In southern Mexico and Central America
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What were the Maya known for?
Their calendar, writing system, and pyramids
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Where was the Aztec Empire located?
Central Mexico
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What were the Aztecs known for?
Military strength, human sacrifice, and engineering
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Where was the Inca Empire located?
In the Andes Mountains of South America
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What was the Incaโ€™s most famous achievement?
A vast road system across the Andes
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What was the impact of European arrival on Native Americans?
Diseases, warfare, displacement, and population decline
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What diseases devastated Native American populations?
Smallpox, measles, and influenza
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How did European colonization disrupt Native societies?
It led to land loss, forced labor, and destruction of cultural practices
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What crops were known as the "Three Sisters"?

Corn, beans, and squash

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Where did the first American Indians originate from?

Asia

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How did agriculture affect Native American societies?

It shifted some from nomadic to farming communities

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What were the Hopewell people known for?

Skilled farming in the Ohio and Mississippi valleys (200 BC โ€“ 400 AD)

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What was the Mississippian culture known for?

Building large religious mound structures (developed around AD 800)

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When did the Anasazi culture thrive?

Between AD 800 and 1300

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What were the Anasazi especially skilled at?

Building cliff dwellings (like Mesa Verde) and advanced farming

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Who inhabited the Southwest after the Anasazi?

The Pueblo Indians

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Who were the Olmec?

The first major civilization in Mesoamerica

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When did the Olmec civilization begin and end

1200-400 BC

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What did the Olmec develop?

An agricultural society and the first calendar in the Americas

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When did the Maya civilization thrive?

Between AD 250 and 900

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When did the Aztecs rule central Mexico?

From AD 1325 to 1521

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When did the Inca Empire exist?

From AD 1200 to 1533

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How did the Incas maintain control of their empire?

Through a unified political structure and advanced record-keeping

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What were the Incas known for?

Skilled craftsmanship and engineering