D3.2 Gene Linkage (HL)

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts from the genetics lecture, focusing on heredity, gene linkage, meiosis, and statistical testing.

Heredity

The passing on of traits from parents to their offspring.

Diploid

Organisms with two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

Cells that contain a single set of chromosomes; notably, gametes (sperm and egg).

Genotype

The allele combination for a specific trait.

Phenotype

The observable characteristics or traits of an organism.

Meiosis

The process of cell division that produces haploid sex cells (gametes).

Gene Locus

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Unlinked Genes

Genes located on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome, segregating independently during gamete formation.

Segregation

The separation of homologous chromosome pairs during meiosis.

Law of Independent Assortment

The principle stating that alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during gamete formation.

Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross examining the inheritance of two different traits.

Punnett Square

A diagram used to predict the genotypes of a genetic cross.

Linkage Group

A group of genes that are located on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Recombinants

New combinations of alleles that are not found in the parental genotypes due to crossing over.

Chi-Squared Test

A statistical test to determine if there is a significant association between observed and expected phenotypic data.

Null Hypothesis

The hypothesis stating that there is no significant difference between observed and expected values.

Degrees of Freedom (df)

A value determining the number of categories that can vary in a statistical test, calculated as (rows - 1) × (columns - 1).