Makal AP-HUG vocab 21-24

Barriers that halt diffusion

Absorbing barriers

Barriers that slow diffusion but allow some

Permeable barriers

A trade language with a small vocabulary derived from at least 2 different languages

Pidgin

Pigeon language that evolves into a full language

Creole

The process where languages combine to make a new one

Creolization

A language of communication and commerce spoken across a wide area where it is not a mother tone

Lingua franca

Ability to speak 2 languages fluently

Bilingualism

A political entity that wants to expand beyond its borders

Empire

The motivating impulse to control greater amounts of territory

Imperialism

Act of forcefully controlling a foreign territory, which becomes known as a colony

Colonialism

Systematic killing of members of a radical ethnic or linguistic group

Genocide

Introduction of new tech reduces time of travel

Time-space convergence

A language that is about to be forgotten and not taught

Endangered language

A language with few elderly or no speakers

Extinct language

The idea that cultures are converging or becoming more alike

Convergence hypothesis

Adapting global practices to fit local cultural practices/preferences

Glocalization

A focused geographic area where where important innovations are born and from which they spend

Cultural hearth

Group of related language

Language family

A regional variation of a language that is understood by people who speak other variations of that language

Dialect

A way of pronouncing words

Accent

Single god

Monotheistic

A religion that actively seeks new members and believes its message has universal importance and application

Universalizing religion

A religion identified w/ a particular ethnic group, does not seek converts

Ethnic religion

Describing a religion that spreads its message to others through missionary work

Proselytic

What a name of a place literally means

Toponyms

Many gods

Polytheistic

Religion less that says that things other than humans haves “souls”

Animistic religion

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant groups adopts enough if the ways of the host society to be able to function economically and socially

Acculturation

Occurs when an ethnic or immigrant groups blends in with the hosts culture and loses many culturally distinctive traits

Assimilation

The notion that people adopt elements of other cultures as well as contribute elements of their own culture thereby transforming both cultures

Transculturation

The blending of beliefs ideas practices and traits especially in a religious context

Syncretism

Religion that combines elements of 2 or more different belief systems

Syncretic religion

Religion that emphasizes purity of faith and is generally not open to blending with elements of other belief systems

Orthodox Religion