AMSCO AP Human Geography - Unit 6.10: Challenges of Urban Changes

redling

the process where banks refuse loans to those who want to purchase and improve properties in certain urban areas, specifically minorities and the poor

racial segregation

people living in separate neighborhoods based on ethnicity or race

blockbusting

when developers or real estate agents created fears in home owners in a region where members of another ethnic group or race were moving in. This caused home owners to sell their homes to those real estate agents or developers and those same real estate agents or developers to sell that property to another ethnic group at a higher price

ghettos

areas of poverty occupied by a minority group as a result of discrimination

inclusionary zoning

offering incentives for developers to set aside a percentage of housing for low-income renters or buyers

scattered site

the city or government provides rental assistance for individuals to disperse public housing throughout the area, lifting public housing problems

urban renewal

the process of taking a worn-down building and creating a new development project(s)

eminent domain

the government is allowed to claim private property from individuals, pay them for the property, and then used the land for the public good

gentrification

the process of turning an urban inner-city neighborhood from a mostly low-income renter-occupied area to a wealthier, owner-occupied area of a city

land tenure

the legal protection of contracts to show ownership of the land or structure

zones of abandonment

areas of a city that have been deserted by their owners for either economic, environmental, or disastrous reasons

environmental injustice / environmental racism

the disproportionate exposure of minorities and the poor to pollution and its impacts, plus the unequal protection of their rights under the law. Minorities and the poor are often located near industrial areas

gated communities

walled or fenced neighborhoods with limited access and entry points; mostly found with the wealthy