Major Cellular Structures Review

Nucleus

Stores DNA; regulates gene expression

Nucleolus

Produces rRNA and assembles ribosomes

Ribosomes –

Synthesize proteins from mRNA

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) –

Synthesizes secreted and membrane proteins

Golgi apparatus –

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

Secretory granules –

Store and release secreted products

Plasma membrane –

Controls transport and cellular signaling

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) –

Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium

Mitochondria –

Generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation

Cytoskeleton –

Maintains shape and enables cellular movement

Lysosomes –

Digest and recycle cellular materials

Lipid droplet –

Stores lipids for energy