Renaissance and Reformation Test Review

Perspective

A technique of painting Witch shows three dimension on a flat surface is known as

Vernacular

The language of everyday speech in a particular region.

Renaissance

A movement of rebirth that marked the explosion of learning, creativity and art that lasted 1300 to 1600.

Humanism

Emphasizes the worth and uniqueness

Secularism

Is a non religion view point

Anabaptist

They beveled that a person should be baptized when there old enough. However people who got baptized as children should be re baptized as adults

Elizabeth I

She was a queen. She was determined to return her kingdom to Protestantism. She established a state church for the Catholics. To please the protestants priests they were allowed to merry.  

Presbyterian

followers of Knox became known as . In the 1560s, Protestant 
nobles led by Knox made Calvinism Scotland’s official religion

John Calvin

He teched Calvinism. The significance of this is a different in beliefs. He was influenced by the Luther

John Knox

A Scottish preacher. He followers were called presbyterians

Martin Luther

German catholic monk and teacher he wanted to be a god. he protested over the abuse over the catholic church. he wants to reform the church.

Henry the 8th

meany marriages led to conflict with catholic  church and the founding of the church of England 

Peace of Augsburg 

The religious settlement between protestant and catholic princes Wich allowed for the ruler of each German state to determine what faith they would practice  

Indulgence

Pieces of paper issued by the Roman Catholic Church Witch was believed to serve as a pardon for sins committed

Annul

A practice by the pope of the Roman Catholic Church to set aside a marriage, in order for an individual to be able to marry again

Anglican 

Another name for the Church of England wich was established by Henry VIIIs daughter, Queen Elizabeth in 1559

Lutheran

A member of a protestant Church Founded on the principles of the teaching of martin Luther

predestination

The doctrine that God has decided all things beforehand, including, including which people will be eternally saved

Gutenberg

Invented movable type or the printing press

protestants

against the abuses of the Roman catholic Church

Renaissance men

This ideal person was expected to create
art and to try to master almost every area of study. A man who excelled in
many fields was praised as a .” Later ages called such

Utopia

Thomas More tried to show a better model of society. In 1516, he wrote
this book . The book is about an
imaginary land where greed, corruption, and war have been weeded out. In
, because there was little greed, Utopians had little use for money

The Prince

wwhich was first published after Machiavelli’s death, follows a
long tradition of books offering advice for princes. However, before
Machiavelli, most writers urged princes to model themselves after a good
and able ruler. Machiavelli recommended that princes should think for
themselves. Rather than identifying what “should” be done, rulers should
base their actions on the needs of a given situation. In The ,
Machiavelli was not concerned with what was morally right but with what
was politically effective.

Council of Trent

Meeting of roman catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by the Protestant reformers

patrons of the arts

Church leaders during the Renaissance beautified
Rome and other cities by spending huge amounts of money for art. They
became by financially supporting artists. Renaissance
merchants and wealthy families.

Constantinople

in 1453, when the Ottomans captured it, the capital of
the Byzantine Empire

Classical texts

instead of trying to make agree with Christian
teaching as medieval scholars had, humanists studied them to understand
ancient Greek values. Humanists influenced artists and architects to carry
on classical traditions.

Medici

Cosmos de was the wealthiest European of his time. In
1434, he won control of Florence’s government. died in 1464,
but his family continued to control
Florence.

Erasmus

The best known of the Christian humanists were
In 1509, he  wrote his most famous work, The Praise of Folly. This
book poked fun at greedy merchants, heartsick lovers, quarrelsome school-
ars, and pompous priests. he believed in a Christianity of the heart,
not one of ceremonies or rules. He thought that in order to improve soci-
ety, all people should study the Bible.

Machiavelli

lived in Florence, which was a center of philosophy
and the arts. However, it was also the subject of a series of conflicts
as different individuals and factions struggled for power. He
watched as the Medici ruler was driven from Florence by French forces,
only to make a triumphant return to power.

Thomas More

The best known of the Christian humanists were of England. tried to show a better model of society. In 1516, he wrote
the book Utopia. In Greek, utopia means “no place.”

Leonardo da Vinci

a painter, sculptor,
inventor, and scientist. A true “Renaissance man,” Among his masterpieces is one of the best-known portraits in
the world, the Mona Lisa. Leon-
ardo also produced a famous religious painting, The Last Supper. It shows
the personalities of Jesus’ disciples through facial expressions

Michelangelo

I Florence, artists such as the sculptor, poet, architect, and
painter ,used
a realistic style when depicting the human body.

was a true
renaissance man, excelling
as a painter, sculptor,
architect, and poet.
He is best known for the
way he showed the human body. Influenced by
classical art, he created forceful, heroic figures.

Edict of Worms

It declared Luther an outlaw and a heretic
because what he believed went against the teachings of the Church.
According to this edict, no one in the empire was to give Luther food or
shelter. All his books were to be burned.

Act of Supremacy

This called on people to take
an oath recognizing the divorce and accepting Henry, not the pope, as the
official head of England’s Church.

recant

He summoned Luther to the town of Worms
(vawrmz) in 1521 to stand trial. Charles V told Luther to recant, or take
back his statements, but Luther refused

Ignatius of Loyola

Imiportant leaders in this movement included
reformers such as Girolamo Savonarola and Ignatius of who founded new
religious orders. In 1522, he began
writing a book called Spiritual Exercises that laid out a day-by-day plan of
meditation, prayer, and study. Ignatius gathered followers. In 1540, the pope
created a religious order for his followers called the Society of Jesus.
Members were called Jesuits

Catherine of Aragon

Henry’s wife had
one living child—a daughter, Mary—but no woman had ever successfully
claimed the English throne.

Emperor Charles V

a devout
Catholic, also opposed Luther’s teaching. Charles controlled a vast empire,
including the German states. He summoned Luther to the town of Worms
(vawrmz) in 1521 to stand trial. he told Luther to recant, or take
back his statements, but Luther refused

Pope Leo X

issued a decree threatening Luther with excom-
munication unless he took back his statements. Luther did not take
back a word. Instead, his students at Wittenberg gathered around a
bonfire and cheered as he threw the pope’s decree into the flames.
excommunicated Luther.

Edward VI

b Henry’s son, became king
when he was just nine years old. Too young to rule alone, was guided by adult advisers.

Hundred Years' War

he
between France and England ended in 1453. The victory against England
confirmed the French king’s authority. A period of civil war followed in
England, but when Henry VII came to power in 1485, England was again
ruled by a strong central power. between France
and England ended in 1453, many cities grew rapidly. Urban
merchants became wealthy enough to sponsor artists.

Ann Boleyn

In 1533 Henry secretly married her, who was in her 20s. Shortly after, Parliament legalized Henry’s divorce  from Catherine 

Theocracy

A government that is controlled by religious leaders

Jesuits

Members of the Society of Jesus who founded on creating schools, converting non Christans to Catholisism and stopping the spread of Protestantism