unit 2 sports medicine

What are the 3 stages of healing?

Acute inflammatory, Repair (proliferative), and remodeling

What is Acute Inflammatory?

increased blood flow to the injured area, lasts about 48 hours after injury

What is the difference between Osteoclasts and Osteoblasts?

Osteoclasts eat injury debris, osteoblasts add new layers to the outside of bone tissue

Greater or repetitive injury to the tissue equals?

longer healing time

What is a factor that affect healing time?

degree of injury, location, blood supply, age of athlete, poor nutrition, illness or medication, infection

Most fractures require how many weeks in a cast?

4-6 weeks

What is an excessive scar aka keloid scar?

when more tissue is laid down than necessary to heal the wound

What forms around fx site?

Blood clot

What cells are involved in stage one of soft tissue healing (acute inflammatory)?

Phagocytes, macrophages, platelets

Which of the following tissues has the greatest ability to repair itself?

Smooth muscle

How long does it take for a blood clot to form?

4 days

How long does stage 1 of tissue healing last?

48 hours after injury

What is the “True” Ankle Joint?

tibia + talus

What is the Subtalar Joint?

talus + calcaneus

Name the 4 bones that make up the ankle.

tibia, fibula, talus, calcaneus

What bone is on the medial side of the lower leg?

tibia

How many major ligaments make up the ankle?

3

What does ATF stand for?

anterior talofibular ligament

What does PTF stand for?

posterior talofibular ligament

What does CF stand for?

calcaneofibular ligament

What bone is on the lateral side of the lower leg?

fibula

Fibula bears how much percent of weight?

10%

Which is the largest muscle in the lower leg?

gastrocnemius

What is the large bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia?

talus

What is the largest tarsal bone?

calcaneus

Where is the navicular located?

midfoot

How many tarsals are in the midfoot?

five

What joint is injured in a hammer toe deformity?

PIP

What joint is injured in a mallet toe deformity?

DIP

What joint is injured in a claw toe deformity?

MP and DIP

What metatarsal is a Jone’s Fracture located?

5th

What is the MOI of turf toe?

hyperextension

Where is Morton’s Neuroma typically located?

Between 3rd and 4th metatarsal heads

What is the difference between the first toe and the 2nd - 5th toes?

FIrst toe has 2 phalanges and sesamoid bones, all other have 3 phalanges

What is Hallux Valgus also know as?

bunion

What are 2 sports that sesamoiditis is common in?

dancing and basketball

What type of joint is the knee?

hinge

True or False; Patella and the Femur make up the tibiofemoral joint?

false

List the hamstring muscles.

biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus

True or False : The shape of the medial meniscus is c shaped?

true

Which ligament prevents varus stress, and which ligament prevents valgus stress?

LCL prevents varus, MCL prevents valgus

Patella floats inside the what?

inside the patellar tendon

Which muscle extends the knee?

quadriceps

True or False: The patella is the largest sesamoid bone in the human body?

true

How many ligaments are located within the knee and what are their abbreviations and meanings?

4: ACL (Anterior Cruciate Ligament), MCL (medial collateral ligament), PCL (posterior cruciate ligament), LCL (lateral collateral ligament)

Femur and Tibia are _ bones.

long

True or False. The knee is made up of the tibia, femur, and pectoralis

false

What are the major movements of the knee?

flexion, extension, tibial rotation, gliding

What are the 3 categories of compartment syndrome?

Acute: secondary to trauma, Acute exertional: no truma; min-moderate activity, Chronic: activity related

Define Pes Cavus & Pes Planus

Pes cavus: high arch, pes planus: flat feet

What are the important knee muscles and their movements?

Quadtricpes: extension, Hamstrings: flexion, gastrocnemius: plantarflexion, popliteus: knee flexion, gracilis: adduction, iliotibial band: abduction