NSG 4000- Policy, Politics, Legislation and Community Health Nursing

Sojourner Truth

(1840) advocated for abolishing slavery and women's rights, fought for funds to train physicians and nurses

Florence Nightingale

(1850) collected data to influence policy for the health of soldiers in the Crimean war

Lavinia Dock

(1893) campaigned for legislator to allow nurses to control the nursing profession instead of the physicians

Lillian Wald

(1912) driving force behind development of the Children's Beaurea

Mary Breckenridge

(1920) established Frontier Nursing Services

Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail

(1960) walked from reservation to reservation to improve nursing services for Native Americans and established NANA

Florence Wald

(1970) established hospice care in the US

Dr. Ruth Watson Lubic

(1975) nurse midwife crusaded for free standing birth centers

Strategic priorities

no longer present on CDC website

#1 improve health security here at home and around the world

#2 better prevent the leading causes of illness, injury, disability, and death

#3 strengthen public health and health care collaboration

Sovereign power

supreme power of nation or state to enact laws including health laws

- provides authority but also limits powers

Mayflower Compact

just and equal laws for the common good

Declaration of independence

certain unalienable rights such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Constitution

the realization of sovereign power and was planned to provide for balance of powers

Health policy

- can be made through public or private sector

- in private sector, it evolves differently

- privately, influenced by theories of economics and business management

- public is often defined by political and social theories

Legislation

____________ pertaining to health increased each decade with goal of improving the health of populations

- last 20 years concerns about increasing health care costs and growth of managed care led to even more legislation

- 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act goal to expand health coverage to uninsured Americans

- many proponents and opponents of this law/still in effect at the same time

1997 SCHIP Act

a critical law providing insurance for children and families who cannot afford health insurance and has been important to children's health. Was extended several times, not renewed during Bush administration and renewed again during Obama administration in the Reauthorization act of 2009

Omnibus Budget reconciliation act

an act in response to federal deficit that also influences nursing homes, home health, use of restraints, and prescription drugs

COBRA

influences hospital ER that receive funds form medical/Medicaid treat all individuals regardless of ability to pay; also coverage for care for individual who lose insurance d/t loss of job

Tax equity act

established prospective payment systems for Medicare (drg system)

1944 public health act

consolidated all exisiting public health legislation into one law

- some provisions were family planning services, healthy services for migratory workers, health research facilities, establish the NIH, nurse training act, trainships for graduate students in public health, home health services for pts with Alzheimer's, prevention and primary care services, rural health clinicals, communicable disease control

Assessment, policy development, assurance

the 3 core functions of public health

National academy of medicine (NAM/IOM)

identify it is the states responsibility see that functions and services to provide for the mission of public health

- assessment

- policy development

- assurance

Ideal

the _________: authorized authoritative bodies rationally determine actions to create, amend, implement, or rescind health care policy

Reality

the _____________: exemplifies conflict and social change theory, completes for attention various levels of government, among parties of interest; evolves slowly because of changes on social beliefs

Health policy analysis

analysis performed by the government before enacting a policy to assess for much people will have to pay and how it will positively and negatively affect people

2010 affordable care act

protection from preexisting conditions causing denial of insurance coverage

1) make affordable health insurance available to more people

2) expand Medicaid to cover all adults who are below 138% of the federal poverty level; and

3) support innovated medical care delivery methods to lower the costs of health care.

Nursing shortage

an issue, possibly worsened by pandemic, where hospitals do not have enough nurses to be properly staffed

Veterans Affairs

2016 department of ___________ __________ issues final ruling giving veterans access for care for NPs, CNMs, and CNS

Policy

a course of action to be followed by a government, business, or institution to obtain a desired effect

Public policy

precepts and standards formed by governmental bodies that are of fundamental concern to the state and the whole of the general public

Health policy

a statement of a decision regarding a goal in healthcare and a plan for achieving that goal

Nursing policy

specifies nursing leadership that influences and shapes health policy and nursing practice

Instituational policies

rules that govern worksites and identify the institution's goals, operation, and treatment of employees

Organizational policies

rules that govern organizations and their positions on issues with which the organization is concerned

Political Action Committee (PAC)

a fundraising group usually associated with an organization

Social policy

policy associated with individuals and communities; branch of public policy that advances social welfare and enhances participation in society

Administrative agencies

departments of the executive branch with the authority to implement or administer particular legislation

Laws

rules of conduct or procedure; results from a combination of legislation, judicial decisions, constitutional decisions, and administrative actions

Public Health Laws

provide protection of the public's health, advocating for the rights of people, regulating health care and health care financing, and ensuring professional accountability for the care provided

Statutes

written laws enacted by legislatures

Organizations

associations that set and enforce standards in a particular area; a group of individuals who voluntarily enter into an agreement to accomplish a purpose