PEDS exam 1 Toddlers

toddler development and health promotion

What are protective factors for SIDS?

breastfeeding, pacifier at night, back to sleep/nap, share room but NOT bed, firm surface, nothing in crib, do not bundle until they start to roll over,

What are common developmental concerns for infancy?

separation and stranger anxiety, colic, thumb sucking, spitting up, and teething

What is infant separation anxiety?

normal part of strong relationship with parents, peekaboo, resolves by 3 years but may reoccur in a stressful environment

What is stranger anxiety?

Normally, have people approach calmly and prepare the child ahead of time since kids are recognizing themselves as separate from others

What is colic?

inconsolable crying over 3 hours a day without physical causes (may be due to GI or neuro problems as well as temperament or parenting style, resolves by 3 months)

How do you manage spitting up?

small more frquent feeding, burp infant 2-3 time per feeding, position upright 30 minutes after feeding, avoid excessive activity after feeding

What can we do to limit teething pain?

chilled teething rings NOT frozen, ice cube wrapped in wash cloth, and maybe meds if needed

What is toddler physical growth?

anterior fontanel closes 12-18 months, half of adult height by 2 years, 4x weight by 30 months, pot belly look, depth perception still evolving, FULL myelination by 2 years old allowing the time for potty training

What is cognitive development for toddlers?

Piaget-sensorimotor transitions to preoperational about 2 years, object permanence fully developed, reading daily, have memories that relate to them, mental representation (banana=phone), egocentric

What is toddler language development?

They are better at receiving language than communication, should point/gesture, respond to name, 24 months=2-word sentence, which will stop about 4, echolalia

How does body image/gender change for toddlers?

Exploration: will name body parts, unclear body boundaries, aware of gender and expected behavior, watch what you say bc children will pick up on it

What is Erikson stage for toddlers?

autonomy vs. shame and doubt (want the opportunity to make choices for themselves)

What is psychosocial for toddlers?

more independence, love routine, security objects like a blanket, begin to play with others, temper tantrums are normal but should be ignored, regression is normal with changes in environment and ignore the behavior, and sibling rivalry

What are sociocultural influences for toddlers?

Food insecurity, unstable housing, missed visits due to transportation or money, beliefs about illness/treatment, language needs, food differences, and parents’ expectations for children can influence how they act

What is moral development for toddlers?

Egocentric= unable to see things from others’ perspectives; punishment and obedience need to be learned in this stage with consistency

What is play for a toddler?

parallel play that is directed by others but not the toddler’s initiation

What is toddler nutrition?

Picky eater, 3 meals with 2 snacks, give different colors and shapes to help the child eat, choking is silent you MUST watch them while eating, and no food as a reward

What is sleep and activity for toddlers?

Bedtime resistance, frequent night walking, scared of the dark, encourage bedtime routine, security object, risk for obesity at this age

What are signs toddlers are ready for potty training?

control bowels, be dry through the night and for at least 2 hours a day, can sit on toilet for a period of a time