Smith Exam One (CP A-F)

Pottery

- coarse textured ware made from clay and fired in a kiln

- can be turned on a wheel and can be glazed or unglazed

Amphora

- two handled jar with long neck used for oil or wine

- made to be durable which is why we still have so many today

Geometric

- term for Greek pottery from 8th and 9th century B.C. describing the decorative pattern used

Meander

- decorative pattern consisting of lines turning at right angles

Black-Figure Painting

- Greek pottery from 7th and 6th century B.C.

- black decoration on red ground

- originated in Corinth

Sculpture

- a work of art carried out in three dimensions

Kouros

- term for nude male standing statue in Archaic period

Dipylon Amphora

- 8th century BC

- hounds chasing hares at the bottom, signifies circle of life

Ajax Prepares to Kill Himself (Amphora)

- 6th century BC

made by Exekias, one of the first people to sign artwork

signed saying "Exekias made me"

- Exekias has 14 surviving vases

Kouros ("Apollo of Tenea")

- 6th century BC

- appears to have some Egyptian style/inspiration

- not super realistic, looks stiff

Kritios Boy, Statue of an Ephebe

- 5th century BC

- body appears more relaxed, less stiff, and more realistic

Wounded Gaul

- 1st-2nd century AD

- 1st century AD Roman copy of 3rd century BC original

Laocoon Group

- 50 BC

- Trojan priest who wanted to reject the trojan horse gift

- Greek gods sent sea serpent to destroy him and his sons for trying to go against their will

Doric Order

- oldest of ancient architectural orders

- columns sit directly on floor

- columns fluted

- plain capitals

Ionic Order

- base at bottom of columns

- slightly skinnier than doric

- capitals decorated with scrolls (swirls)

Corinthian Order

- base at bottom of columns

- much more detail on capital, multiple layers, with highly decorated leaves

Capital

- the top part of a column

Metope

- carved or painted panel above Doric columns

Fluting

- grooves running up the side of a column

Rotunda

- roofed building with a circular floor plan

- often covered by a dome

Bas-Relief

- a carving that protrudes only moderately/partially from the background plane

Temple of Zeus at Olympia: Herakles, aided by Athena, receives from Atlas the Golden Apples of the Hesperides

- 479-456 BC

- shows Herakles holding up the sky with help of Athena as Atlas gives golden apples

Parthenon

- 447-432 BC

- located in Athens

- Temple for Athena, home for her to dwell in

- Doric order columns

Column Rule for Greek and Roman Architecture

- long side has double the columns of the short side plus one

- ex: short side has 8 columns, long side has 17 columns

Temple of Athena Nike

- 427-424 BC

- built for Athena to celebrate victory in battle

- Ionic order for columns

Agustus of Prima Porta

- 20 BC-15 AD

- subject clothed with military attire

- pose of Roman orator (speaking position)

- can be seen as propaganda for Roman people

Ara Pacis Augustae, The Altar of Augustan Peace

- 13-9 BC

- used to celebrate peace, monument for Agustus bringing peace to land

- sacrifices/offerings left at altar

Ara Pacis Augustae, The Altar of Augustan Peace, Procession of Imperial Family

- 13-9 BC

- used to celebrate peace, monument for Agustus bringing peace to land

- sacrifices/offerings left at altar

Pont Du Gard

- 1st century AD

- located outside of Rome in modern France

- lower-level bridge, higher-level aqueduct

- Roman innovation of arches

Pantheon

- 126 AD

- temple to all Roman gods

- inscription of who built it

- Corinthian order columns

Pantheon Interior

- 126 AD

- temple to all Roman gods

- inscription of who built it

- Corinthian order columns

High Relief

- sculpture which projects almost fully, or at least half of its natural circumference, from its background

Byzantine Art

- associated with Eastern Roman Empire (capital on Constantinople)

- combo of Greek/Roman art and art of near East

- centered on divine rather than earth-bound things

- two dimensional art, gold backgrounds, domes

Sarcophagus of Junius Bassus

- 359 AD

- stone coffin

- made for Junius Bassus, Roman administrator

- Abraham and Isaac depicted

- entry of Christ into Jerusalem depicted

- Christ the law-giver depicted

Christ on his Throne with Angels Mosaic Wall, Sant 'Apollinare Nuovo

- 500 AD

- mosaic inside of basilica, Byzantine style

Hagia Sophia

- located in modern Istanbul (was Constantinople)

- made by Isidorus and Anthemius, first major artist signing since Exekias

Hagia Sophia, Interior

- located in modern Istanbul (was Constantinople)

- made by Isidorus and Anthemius, first major artist signing since Exekias

Articulation

- term referring to the starts and ends of the notes in music, particularly the degree to which each of a succession of notes is separated in performance

Dynamics

- aspect of a material expression concerned with the variation in the volume of sound

Form

- shape or structure of musical work

- for this class focus mainly on repetition of lyrics/music

Mass Ordinary

- texts of Roman Catholic mass that remain constant from day to day

Messe de Nostre Dame: Kyrie

- "the mass of our lady"

- composed by Guillaume de Machaut

- Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei (songs go together/have cohesion)

Kyrie

- 1360-1365

- four voice parts

- composed by Guillaume de Machaut

- "Kyrie eleison" = "Lord have mercy"

Melisma

- group of notes sung to one syllable of text (rather than one syllable per note)

Romanesque Architecture

- 10th-12th centuries

- first pan-European architectural style since fall of Rome

- stone walls, flat walls, abbeys, cathedrals, rounded Roman arch

Gothic Architecture

- 1120-1400 in central Italy continuing until early 16th century in Northern Europe

- lightness and verticality (extending to heavens, contrast to Romanesque)

Pointed Arches

- two parts of a circle combined to form an arch with a point in the middle that can support more weight than round arches

Ribbed Vaulting

- a network of crossed arches in the ceiling used to support the weight of heavy roofs

Flying Butress

- half of a pointed arch used on exterior to support high stone walls while taking up less space

Saint-Georges de Boscherville Abbey

- skinny windows, lots of stone compared to glass, looks "heavy"

- skinny parts of building built high (no large parts built high due to lack of support)

Saint-Georges de Boscherville Abbey: Personification of Death

- carved into the columns as decoration on the inside

- example of bas-relief

- first time seeing large scale stone carvings in roughly 600 years

- appears "cartoonish", not dedicated to realism

Saint-Georges de Boscherville Abbey: Personification of Discipline

- carved into the columns as decoration on the inside

- example of bas-relief

- first time seeing large scale stone carvings in roughly 600 years

- appears "cartoonish", not dedicated to realism

Cathédrale de Chartres

- gothic style

- reaches much higher than Romanesque buildings

Cathédrale de Chartres, North Rose Window

Cathédrale de Chartres, North Facade

- lots of exterior carving and detail

- contrast to flat stone with Romanesque

Cathédrale de Chartres, Statues

- Isaiah holding a scroll

- Jeremiah holding a shield

- Simeon holding a child

- John the Baptist wearing camel skin and holding lamb

- Peter holding keys

- carvings transfer from bas-relief to high relief

Cimabue

- born before 1251, died in 1302

- from Florence, Italy

- painter and mosaicist

- notably made "Madonna and Child Enthroned"

Giotto di Bondone

- born around 1266, died in 1337

- from Florence, Italy

- potentially a student of Cimabue

- most important Italian painter of 14th century

- notably made "Scrovegni (Arena) Chapel"

Madonna and Child Enthroned

- made by Cimabue

- example of Byzantine art, 2D with a little bit of depth

- hung in a church, very large (roughly 10x7 feet)

Fresco

- a type of wall painting in which pigments are applied to wet plaster

Scrovegni Chapel, Kiss of Judas

- made by Giotto di Bondone

- 1303-1306

- characters are beginning to show emotion/have more expression

- medium of frescoes

Scrovegni Chapel, Crucifixion

- made by Giotto di Bondone

- 1303-1306

- Mary often seen depicted in blue robe

- medium of frescoes

Scrovegni Chapel, Lamentation

- made by Giotto di Bondone

- 1303-1306

- medium of frescoes

Scrovegni Chapel, Resurrection

- made by Giotto di Bondone

- 1303-1306

- medium of frescoes

Naturalism

- representation of objects as they are rather than in a stylized or abstract manner