MLT 110 Hemoglobin Oxygen and Hemolysis

Heme contains

4 Iron atoms in the Ferrous (Fe2+ / Iron II) state and a protoporphyrin ring

What state is iron in when in heme

the Ferrous state

Globin contains

2 pairs of chains

Salt bridges connect

Heme and Globin

Chains are made of

Amino Acids

Membrane is

50% proteins, 40% lipids, 10% carbs

2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG / BPG)is produced by which pathway

the Luebering-Rapaport pathway

2,3 Diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG / BPG) aids in

the oxygen affinity of Hgb

What are the roles of hemoglobin

-Carries oxygen to the tissues(oxyhemoglobin)
-Pulls CO2 away from the tissues as waste
-Keeps a balanced pH in the blood: 7.35 - 7.45

What is the normal blood pH

7.35-7.45

Hemoglobin synthesis begins in which stage?

Polychromatophilic Normoblast / Rubricyte stage

Tense state

-Low oxygen pressure
-2,3 DPG bonds bind
-Takes place in the tissues

Relaxed state

-High oxygen pressure
-2,3 DPG bonds break
-Takes place in the lungs

The changes in oxygen pressure can be plotted on an

Oxygen Dissociation (OD) Curve

Oxygen Dissociation (OD) Curve shape

sigmoid shape ("S" shape)

results in a "right shift"

Increased release of oxygen to the tissues

results in a "left shift"

Increased affinity towards oxygen results

decreased oxygen-binding potential leads to a ____ shift

right shift

increased oxygen-binding potentialleads to a ____ shift

left shift

balanced oxygen-binding potential leads to a ____ shift

normal

increased blood pH, decreased 2,3 DPG and decreased temperature variant hemoglobin's leads to a ____ shift

Left OD curve shift

decreased blood pH, increased 2,3 DPG and increased temperature leads to a ____ shift

Right OD curve shift

Left OD curve shift causes

thalassemia or hemoglobinopathies

Right OD curve shift causes

hypoxia

Sulfhemoglobin turns the blood/skin

green

Methemoglobin (metHb) turns the skin

blue (cyanotic)

Hemolysis is

the breakdown of red blood cells

The primary waste product of hemolysis is

bilirubin

takes place outside of the bloodstream, mainly in the spleen, and accounts for 90% of normal hemolysis

Extravascular hemolysis

takes place in the blood vessels and should account for about 10% of normal hemolysis

Intravascular hemolysis

Seen on blood smear for Intravascular Hemolysis

Schistocytes

Seen on blood smear for Extravascular Hemolysis

Spherocytes

Both intravascular and extravascular hemolysis will have

serum/urine hemolysis, increased bilirubin and LDH, reticulocytosis, and anemia