KDP 1: Praxis 2 Science Subtest 5005 Review Praxis 5001 Content Knowledge Reading Questions with complete solutions

biome

regions of the world (large geographic areas) with similar climates (weather, temperature) that support distinctive animals and plants.

A tropical rain forest is an example of a biome

TERRESTRIAL BIOMES: Tundra, Rainforest, Savanna, Taiga, Temperate forest, Temperate grassland, Alpine, Chaparral, Desert

AQUATIC BIOMES: Freshwater, Freshwater wetlands, Marine, Coral reef, Estuaries

How does a battery in a circuit cause a lightbulb to glow?

The battery provides energy to the electrons in the wires of the circuit; in the bulb, some of the electrical energy is converted to light.

extra info

Levels of Organization in an Ecosystem

(hierarchy)

biosphere

(the sum of all the ecosystems established on Earth.)

biome

(a set of ecosystems sharing similar characteristics with their abiotic factors adapted to their environments.)

ecosystem

(ecosystems include more than a community of living organisms (biotic) interacting with the environment (abiotic). At this level they depend on other abiotic factors such as rocks, water, air and temperature.)

community

(all the populations in a specific area at a given time, includes diff species coexisting in a defined location)

population

(group of individuals of a given species that live in a specific geographic area at a given time)

individual

(any 1 living thing or organism)

which metals are most attracted to magnets?

Nickel, iron and cobalt

The tendency of an object to resist change in motion is called

inertia

best way to clean up a salt water spill in an elementary school classroom is to

Wipe up the spill with paper towels from the outer edge toward the center to minimize the spread of the spill.

when cleaning up spills in classroom, remember to

Minimizing the area of the spill while effectively cleaning up the liquid to reduce any potential safety hazards that the spill may create.

The force of electrostatic attraction increases when _________________ are brought closer together

oppositely charged objects

Objects with __________ charge have electrostatic repulsion when brought closer together.

the same

oppositely charged=attract

same charge= repulsion

Neutral (uncharged) objects = neither attraction nor repulsion.

If the small projections on the roots of plants, "root hairs," are removed, what is likely to be the most direct effect on the plant?

Water and minerals will not be absorbed from the soil

The root hairs provide the roots of plants with the surface area needed to absorb water and minerals.

Fossils are most often found in what type of rock?

Sedimentary

Fossils are typically formed when organisms are buried by sediment. As more sediment is deposited, the sediment surrounding the organism is compacted, forming sedimentary rock that contains fossils.

A ball is thrown straight up about fifty meters into the air. As the ball is traveling toward Earth and returning to the person who threw it, which of the following is most likely to be true?

The speed of the ball is increasing.

The potential energy of the ball is increasing.

The mass of the ball is decreasing.

The frictional force of air resistance acting on the ball is decreasing.

The speed of the ball is increasing.

(due to the force of gravity acting on the ball.)

What are the major products of photosynthesis?

glucose (sugar)

oxygen

The density of a liquid is commonly expressed using what units?

Grams per milliliter

Density= mass/volume

mass unit (e.g., gram) over a volume unit (e.g., milliliter).

Density

mass/volume

Which of the following organisms primarily regulates its internal body temperature by external means?

Whale

Butterfly

Butterfly

Butterflies regulate their internal body temperature by adjusting the position of their wings.

In which of the following is the water generally at a much higher temperature than the land that is nearby?

Lakes

Oceans

Geysers

Rivers

Geysers

geysers release a combination of pressurized hot water and steam that is ejected above geothermally heated rocks.

Which of the following is true about sound waves with a high frequency?

They are loud.

They have a high pitch.

They travel at the speed of light.

They contain less energy than low-frequency sounds.

They have a high pitch

Humans perceive pitch based on the frequency of the sound wave that is detected by the ear. High-frequency sound waves have a high pitch; low-frequency sound waves have a low pitch.

Humans perceive pitch based on the _______________________. High-frequency sound waves have a ____ pitch; low-frequency sound waves have a ____ pitch.

frequency of the sound wave that is detected by the ear

high

low

Of the following, which is the most likely consequence of the increasing levels of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere that result from the burning of fossil fuels?

The formation of new islands in the South Pacific

More frequent volcanic eruptions

The thinning of the ozone layer

Rising sea levels

Rising sea levels

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that is produced from the burning of fossil fuels. Increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can contribute to increasing global temperatures, which in turn can lead to increasing amounts of meltwater from glaciers. Hence, increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can lead to rising sea levels.

Hurricanes are most likely to form over which of the following?

Tropical ocean water

Polar ocean water

Polar landmasses

Temperate landmasses

Tropical ocean water

One of the necessary conditions for hurricanes to form and maintain their strength is a large amount of warm, moist air, which is typically found over tropical ocean water.

Hurricanes need ____________________ in order to form and maintain their strength

a large amount of warm, moist air

(typically found over tropical ocean water)

When light passes from the air into a glass lens, the light changes direction. The phenomenon is known as

refraction

Refraction

the bending of a wave when it typically moves from a less dense medium, such as air, to a more dense medium, such as a glass lens.

All the biotic and abiotic components in a specific region of Earth are called

an ecosystem

An ecosystem is a community of organisms (biotic components) that interact with their environment (biotic and abiotic components).

biotic

Describes living factors in the environment.

abiotic

A term that describes a nonliving factor in an ecosystem.

Which of the following is a mineral?

Shale

Marble

Granite

Diamond

a diamond

mineral

homogeneous inorganic substance that has a definite chemical composition.

A diamond is a good example of a mineral.

The boundary where two air masses converge is called

a front

isobar

a line on a weather map that connects points that have the same atmospheric pressure

(can be at a given time or on average over a given period)

hurricane

A severe storm that develops over tropical oceans and whose strong winds of more than 120 km/h spiral in toward the intensely low-pressure storm center

tornado

a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground

difference between mass and weight

Mass =amount of matter in an object, so the mass of an object is constant.

Weight = is a measure of the force of attraction of the earth acting on an object. The weight of an object is not constant.

Which of the following statements about weight and mass is true?

Mass is the same as weight.

The weight of an object on the Moon is more than its weight on Earth.

The mass of an object on the Moon is the same as its mass on Earth.

The mass of an object on the Moon is less than its mass on Earth.

The mass of an object on the Moon is the same as its mass on Earth.

Weight is dependent on gravity, whereas mass is a measure of the quantity of a substance present. The mass of an object remains the same on the Moon and Earth, but the object's weight changes because the gravity on the Moon is different than the gravity on Earth.

momentum

mass * velocity (speed)

=m * (distance/time)

life cycle of a massive star

Stellar Nebula -> massive star -> red super giant -> super nova -> black hole or neutron star

life cycle of an average star

Stellar Nebula -> average star -> red giant -> planetary nebula -> white dwarf or black dwarf

homozygous

having two identical alleles for a particular gene

Ex: Parent with 2 dominant brown eye genes (BB)

Ex2: Other parent with 2 recessive blue eye genes (bb)

What is an element?

a pure substance made up of one type of atom.

cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical or chemical means.

Where is the DNA found in an animal cell?

nucleus

A battery in a circuit causes a lightbulb to glow by providing energy to _______ in the wires of the circuit.

Electrons

Which of the following is an amphibian?

Eel

Lizard

Snake

Salamander

Salamander

Humans metabolize __________, _______, and ____________ as sources of energy to carry out a wide variety of processes in the body

carbohydrates, fats, proteins

What is the most common gas in Earth's atmosphere?

Nitrogen

Earth's atmosphere contains approximately 78% nitrogen gas.