Comprehensive Guide to Aseptic Techniques and Hand Hygiene in Healthcare

Contaminated

Any object or area that may contain pathogens

Asepsis

The absence of pathogens

Aseptic Techniques

Methods directed toward maintaining cleanliness and eliminating or preventing contamination

Examples of Aseptic Techniques

Handwashing; good personal hygiene; use of gloves when handling contaminated materials; proper cleaning of instruments and equipment; proper cleaning of the environment

Antiseptics

Prevent or inhibit growth of most pathogens; can be used on skin; examples include alcohol, iodine, and Betadine

Disinfection

Chemicals that kill pathogens but not all viruses, spores, or prions; used mainly on objects; can damage skin; examples include bleach and germicidal wipes

Sterilization

Destroys all pathogens except prions; uses steam under pressure, gas, radiation, or chemicals; used only on objects, never people; example is an autoclave

Handwashing

The most important method used to prevent the spread of infection

When to Wash Hands

Upon arrival and before leaving a medical facility

Before and After Patient Contact

Hands must be washed before and after every patient contact

During Procedures

Wash hands if they become contaminated during a procedure

After Removing Gloves

Hands must be washed after removing gloves

After Handling Specimens

Wash hands after handling any specimen

After Contaminated Contact

Wash hands after contact with any contaminated item

After Picking Up Items

Wash hands after picking up an item off the floor

After Bathroom Use

Wash hands after using the bathroom

After Coughing or Sneezing

Wash hands after coughing, sneezing, or using a tissue

Before Eating

Wash hands before eating

Contact Lenses

Wash hands before inserting or removing contact lenses

Steps of Proper Handwashing

Step 1: Preparation; Step 2: Water Temperature; Step 3: Wet Hands; Step 4: Lather; Step 5: Clean Backs of Hands; Step 6: Between Fingers; Step 7: Fingernails; Step 8: Rinsing; Step 9: Drying; Step 10: Turn Off Water

Paper Towel Rule

A total of three paper towels are required

Handwashing Rules

Do not lean on the counter, touch inside of the sink, dry both hands at the same time, or wring hands in the sink