Anatomy 2 Lab practical practice set - Janaki Desai

Anterior pituitary (on model and microscopy!!!)

Only Produces multiple hormones (ex: GH, TSH, ACTH)

• Darker side due to being made up of epithelial tissue

Posterior Pituitary (on model and microscopy)

Stores and Releases Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and Oxytocin (note: oxytocin is produced in the hypothalamus).

Infundibulum

• Contains the hypophyseal portal system.

• necessary for the rapid hormone exchange between pituitary gland and target cells (avoids bloodstream)

• Helps the pituitary communicate with the hypothalamus

What is this space under the sphenoid called?

Sella Turcica

a. What gland is this?

b. What is its function?

a. Pineal gland

b. Releases melatonin, regulates sleep/wake cycle, responds to light and dark

a. What gland is this?

b. What is its function?

a. Thyroid gland

b. T3 and T4, which regulate metabolism

What do the parathyroid glands do? Where are they located?

Location: on the four corners of the posterior thyroid

Function: create/secrete parathyroid hormone, important for raising blood calcium levels

a. What gland is this?

b. What is its function?

a. Thymus

b. Creates thymosin, which promotes immune system maturation in children

a. What are Alpha cells?

b. Where are they located?

a. Cells that release glucagon, to raise blood glucose levels

b. Location = pancreas

a. What are Beta cells?

b. Where are they located?

a. Cells that produce, store, and release insulin, lower blood glucose levels

b. Location = islets of Langerhans, in pancreas

a. What is this structure?

b. What does it do?

a. Adrenal medulla

b. Makes and releases epinephrine, produces fight/flight response

a. What section of the Adrenal cortex is this?

b. What does it do?

a. Zono glomerulus: produces steroid hormone called mineralcorticoids (aldosterone)

b. Aldosterone controls blood pressure

a. What section of the Adrenal cortex is this?

b. What does it do?

a. Zono fasciculata

b. makes cortisol (stress hormone)

a. What section of the Adrenal cortex is this?

b. What does it do?

a. Zono reticularis (bottom of the layers)

b. androgens, sex hormones (growth, reproduction, sex traits)

What is the Red Circle pointing to? What part of the thyroid is this?

Colloid (Whole pink interior region!!!)

What is this Red Circle pointing to?

Simple cuboidal follicular cells

What are the arrows pointing to?

Parafollicular cells or c cells - (look for isolated clusters away from the follicle)

What area’s are these lighter colored regions?

Islets of Langerhans

What are the red circles pointing to?

Acinar cell (whole round = acinus, one size of the pizza = acinar cell)

What are the red circles pointing to? (ignore yellow arrow)

Ducts

What are these arrows pointing to?

Chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla