6.1 Cartilage & bone function/classification

what is easily transformed to bone?

Cartilage

adult cartilage remains in areas that require what?

Flexibility

Cartilage is mostly?

water

What are the 3 types of cartilage and their functions?

Hyaline;Smooth, Elastic;Stretchy, Fibrocartilage;Strong

What tissue surrounds the cartilage?

perichondrium: blood vessels and nerves located

Cartilage can grow in what 2 different ways?

Appositional and Interstitial

What is Interstitial?

inside out- chondrocytes

What is appositional?

outside in- cells of perichondrium secrete new matrix

What is Hyaline cartilage?

glassy matrix, fiber present is collagen,strongest most firm, found in costal (rib) cartilage, respiratory (trachea) and nasal, articular joint

What is elastic cartilage?

contain mostly elastic fibers, found in external ear and epiglottis

What is Fibrocartilage?

highly compressible with great tensile strength, flexible + strong, found in Menisci (knee), and intervertebral disks

What is the function of bones?

Support, protection of vital organs, anchorage for muscles. (tendons attach muscle to bone) (ligaments attach bone to bone), mineral storage, produces hormone

What mineral is stored?

mostly calcium and phosphate released into bloodstream as needed

What is hematopoiesis?

Blood cell formation in red marrow of some bones

Where is fat storage?

In yellow marrow

What is osteocalcin?

Hormone involved in glucose metabolism, insulin secretion and bone matrix formation

What is axial?

midline axis of body; skull, vertebrae, rib cage

What is appendicular?

upper and lower limbs and girdles; clavicle, scapula, coxal

What are long bones?

shaft plus 2 expanded ends; arms, legs, phalanges

What are short bones?

cube shaped; carpals and tarsals

What are flat bones?

thin, flat and usually curved; sternum, scapula, ribs, most skull bones

What are irregular bones?

don’t fit other descriptions; vertebrae, coxal bones