Native American cultures (until 1607)

Paleo-Indians

First people in America, hunters-gatherers who crossed from Siberia to Alaska through Beringia, contributing to the extinction of great mammals.

Three Sisters

Corn, beans, squash - companion planted crops that were part of the Agricultural Revolution in the Americas around 3,000 BCE.

Clovis Points

Sharpened stone arrowheads and spearheads found in Folsom and Clovis, New Mexico, dating back to around 11,000 BCE.

Mound Builders

Prehistoric civilizations in the East including Adena, Hopewell, and Mississippian cultures, known for complex social networks, earthen ceremonial mounds, and trade networks.

Ancestral Puebloans

Native cultures in the Southwest like Basketmakers, Anasazi, Hohokam, and Mogollon, known for peaceful farming societies, terraced adobe dwellings, and crafted jewelry.

Iroquois Confederation

League of Five Nations including Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, and Mohawk, known for being a highly political and democratic society, possibly inspiring the Founding Fathers of the USA.

Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, Seminole

Native tribes in the Southeast, mostly settled farmers who later adopted European customs and writing systems.

Great Plains

Region inhabited by semi-nomadic hunters depending on buffalo, including tribes like Dakota, Wichita, Comanche, Cheyenne, and Kiowa.

Pacific Northwest

Region with diverse ethnic and linguistic groups engaged in fishing and whale hunting, known for plank houses, large cedar canoes, and totem pole cultures.