ikam will pass

Guns, Germs, and Steel

Book by Jared Diamond discussing the factors that shaped human societies, addressing why development rates differed among continents.

Why Nations Fail

Book by Acemoglu & Robinson that explores the origins of power, prosperity, and poverty.

Legacies of Colonialism

Historical impacts of colonial rule, affecting current socio-economic conditions in various regions.

Civil unrest/guerilla warfare

Conflicts arising within countries, often influenced by historical injustices and social inequalities.

Political Institutions

Structures that define governance and influence economic institutions leading to a nation’s prosperity.

Analytic Differentiation

A method of increasing the analysis of democracy's diverse forms.

Conceptual Validity

Ensures that a concept is used appropriately within its intended context.

Ladder of Generality

Framework for understanding the applicability of concepts based on their defining features.

Process Tracing

Method used in causal inference to identify mechanisms that produce causal effects.

Neopatrimonial States

States where public resources are treated as personal assets, often resulting in poor governance.

Cohesive-Capitalist States

States characterized by centralized authority collaborating with the private sector to encourage industrial growth.

Forward Linkages

Economic principle where investment in one activity spurs subsequent investments in related activities.

Precarity

A condition characterized by instability in employment, affecting job security and worker rights.

Competitive Authoritarianism

A regime with flawed democratic institutions that maintain authoritarian control.

Mass Society

Concept suggesting that as wealth increases, social connections strengthen intermediary organizations that counterbalance power.

Economic Performance

The efficiency with which an economy generates growth and manages inflation.

Democracy Backsliding

The process by which democratic institutions and practices deteriorate.

Juristocracy

Governance dominated by judicial power, often at the expense of traditional democratic debates.

Mandate-Independence Controversy

Debate over whether representatives should strictly follow constituent instructions or act based on their expertise.

Presidentialism

A political system in which the president holds significant power, often creating tensions due to its rigid structure.

Federalism

A system of governance that balances power distribution between a central authority and regional entities while accommodating diversity.

Social Origins of Dictatorships and Democracy

Book by Barrington Moore analyzing the historical development of political systems.

Electoral Contestation

The degree to which elections are contested and taken seriously by autocratic leaders.