APWH UNIT 1 REVIEW

What was a core belief of Judaism that significantly influenced the development of Christianity and Islam?

Monotheism

What was Dar al-Islam c. 1200 CE?

The House of Islam including the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia

How did Muhammad's background as a merchant influence Islamic states prior to 1200?

Islamic states became prosperous due to active trade

What significant development occurred in the Islamic world as the Abbasid Caliphate began to fragment?

The rise of new Islamic political entities dominated by Turkic peoples

What was NOT a method through which Islam spread across Afro-Eurasia?

Colonization by European powers

What were methods through which Islam spread across Afro-Eurasia?

Military expansion, merchant activity, missionary work by Sufis

What were the early foundations of the Seljuk Empire?

They were brought into Dar al-Islam as a military force by the Abbasids

What was a significant result of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad?

It led to the preservation and transfer of Greek philosophical works to Europe

Which Turkic Muslim state arose in South Asia during this period?

The Delhi Sultanate

What was a key factor in the conversion of the Mali Empire to Islam?

Increased trade with the Islamic world

Which Islamic scholar is credited with the invention of trigonometry?

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

What was one of the major impacts of Sufism on the spread of Islam?

It emphasized mysticism and inclusivity, facilitating conversion

Which Turkic Muslim state started with enslaved warriors who rose up to take over Egypt?

The Mamluk Sultanate

What characterized the intellectual climate of the Golden Age of Islam under the Abbasid Caliphate?

Significant advancements in science, mathematics, and literature

What was a common feature of the Seljuk Empire, the Mamluk Sultanate, and the Delhi Sultanate?

They mostly had military rulers and used Sharia Law

What was the primary method through which intellectual innovations were shared within Dar-al-Islam?

Trade networks

Which philosophy did the Song Dynasty revive to maintain and justify their rule?

Confucianism

What was a practice that symbolized female’s subordinate position according to Confucianism, during the Song Dynasty?

Foot binding

How did the Song Dynasty ensure that their bureaucracy was effective?

Through civil service examinations

What was one major economic development during the Song Dynasty?

The increasing commercialization of the economy

What innovation significantly increased agricultural output in Song China?

Champa rice

What was the purpose of the tributary system used by China with its neighbors?

To acknowledge China's supremacy

Other than Confucianism, which two religions/philosophies influenced Neo-Confucianism?

Buddhism and Daoism

What role did the Grand Canal play in the Song Dynasty's economy?

It facilitated trade

What was the importance of the imperial bureaucracy?

It was helped rulers maintain and justify their rule

Which country adopted many Chinese cultural practices voluntarily and not through conquest or threat?

Japan

Which technological innovation flourished during the Song Dynasty?

Production of iron and steel

What was a significant result of agricultural innovations in the Song Dynasty?

Population explosion

Which neighboring region that was influenced by Chinese culture saw the status of women decline significantly?

Korea

What was the main difference between Theravada and Mahayana Buddhism?

Mahayana emphasized that teachings were available to all

What was one impact of Chinese culture on Vietnamese society?

Adoption of Confucianism and Buddhism

Adoption of Confucianism and Buddhism

By maintaining independent Hindu states

What is the biggest difference between Islam and Hinduism?

Hinduism is polytheistic, while Islam is monotheistic

What was the impact of Sufism in South Asia?

It made conversion to Islam easier

Which belief system was on the decline in South Asia by 1200?

Buddhism

What architectural achievement is associated with the Khmer Empire?

Angkor Wat

How did the Majapahit Kingdom maintain power?

It created a tributary system

Which empire in South Asia was established by converts to Islam who went back to Hinduism and established an empire?

Vijayanagara Empire

What characterized the Buddhist state of the Sinhala Dynasties in Sri Lanka?

Long-term existence as a land-based state

What was a common feature of both the Bhakti Movement in Hinduism and Sufism in Islam?

Focus on mystical and personal spiritual experiences

Which Southeast Asian empire maintained power through control over the Strait of Malacca?

Srivijaya Empire

What was the main reason the Delhi Sultanate struggled to impose Islam in India?

The entrenched cultural and social position of Hinduism

How did the Bhakti Movement change traditional practices of Hinduism?

By emphasizing the worship of one god

Which religion founded in India shares the belief in reincarnation with Hinduism?

Buddhism

What was a significant way Hinduism structured Indian society?

Through the caste system

Which belief system created the conditions for a mostly unified culture in India for millennia?

Hinduism