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What are the main categories of lab safety?
personal aspects, equipment safety, biological safety, chemical safety, animal safety, fomites, disinfections/clean-up
What are personal aspects of lab safety regarding hair?
- hair must be away from the face and out of the eyes
- long hair should be tied back and secured
What are the guidelines for facial hair in the laboratory?
- beard nets
- long beards should be tucked into shirts or braided
- or shave!
What is the requirement for laboratory acceptable clothing?
- legs must be covered in a manner that is safe for laboratory activities
Why are leggings not considered appropriate clothing for lab?
Because liquid passes through easily and quickly
What type of clothing makes it easier to keep spills away from skin?
looser clothes
What type of footwear is acceptable for lab?
closed toes, must cover tops of feet
Is jewelry allowed in lab?
minimal to no jewelry is recommended
What are the considerations for cosmetics in the lab?
- Nails should not impair lab work or safety
- Perfumes and lotions should not interact with chemicals or fire
- Makeup should not impair the ability to wear PPE effectively
What are the general behaviors expected in a lab setting?
- Use common sense
- Do not eat or drink
- Avoid sticking fingers into chemicals
- Be mindful of surroundings
What impacts research specific safety?
- biological safety - what they are working with
- equipment safety
What is BSL-1?
not known to cause disease in healthy adult humans, minimal potential hazard to lab personnel and environment
What is an example of a BSL-1 organism?
E.coli and non infectious bacteria
What is BSL-2?
moderate potential hazard to personnel and environment, includes bacteria that cause mild disease to humans or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting
What is an example of a BSL-2 disease?
Hepatitis A virus, Salmonella species
What is BSL-3?
microbes there can either be indigenous or exotic, and they can cause serious or potentially lethal disease through respiratory transmission
What is an example of a BSL-3 disease?
SARS, West Nile Virus, Rabies
What is BSL-4?
Dangerous and exotic, posing a high risk of aerosol transmitted infections, infections caused by these microbes are frequently fatal and without treatment or vaccines
What is an example of a BSL-4 disease?
Ebola virus, smallpox virus
What does PPE stand for?
personal protective equipment
What does PPE consist of?
- Gloves
- Foot and eye protection
- Respirators
- Full body suits
- Scrubs
- Face shields
- Face masks
etc....
Why do you wear PPE?
to protect yourself from harmful substances, injuries, and illnesses
What is cleaning?
more surface level, cleaning but not getting every piece of bacteria or germs
What is disinfection?
destruction of microorganisms pathogenic and potentially pathogenic, by direct exposure to chemical, biological, radiation, or physical agents, not living organisms
What are the general methods for chemical disinfection?
use an EPA registered disinfecting product or strong bleach solution, soap and water, bleach
What are the general methods for physical disinfection?
heat, radiation, filtration for cleansing the bacteria and viruses from a surface or objects
What is antiseptic?
applied to the surface of living organisms or tissues and destroys pathogenic and potentially pathogenic, microorganisms
What is sterilization?
destroys or eliminates all forms of life, especially microorganisms; filtration, heat (autoclave or otherextreme heat) or chemical (i.e. ethylene oxide), even those that aren't harmful
What are the methods of sterilization?
- saturated steam under pressure
- hot air
- filtration
- ionizing radiation (gamma and electron-beam radiation)
- gas (ethylene oxide, formaldehyde)
What is culture media?
nutrient solution used to support the growth of bacteria in laboratory settings
Why do we use culture media?
to obtain pure cultures, to grow and count microbial cells, and to cultivate and select microorganisms
What are the 3 consistencies of culture media?
solid, semi-solid, liquid
What are the two types based on composition?
complex medium (non-synthetic) and chemically defined medium (synthetic)
What is complex medium (non-synthetic)?
exact composition is NOT known, contains animal or plant digests or yeast extracts, common in teaching labs, grows most bacteria
What is chemically defined medium (synthetic)?
precise chemical composition and concentration is KNOWN, used to test organisms growing requirements, can be used to grow only a selective group of bacteria
What is basic culture media?
contains source of carbon, energy, nitrogen, growth factors and trace elements
What is an example of basic culture media?
nutrient broth/agar
What enriched culture media?
grows wide array of microorganism, contains high nutrition, contains additions such as egg yolk, blood, blood serum
What is selective culture media?
Used to isolate a specific species or type of bacteria, some enriched agars are also selective
What media type is tryptic soy?
general, all-purpose agar
What grows on tryptic soy agar?
basically anything, gets both gram negative and gram positive bacteria
What is the application of tryptic soy agar?
used for cultivation, growth and stock maintenance of bacteria
What is the media type of mcconkey's agar?
selective, enriched agar
What grows on mcconkey's agar?
gram negative bacteria
What is the application of mcconkey's agar?
to isolate gram negative bacteria and lactose fermenting vs lactose non-fermenting gram negative bacteria
