JUST 357 MIDTERM

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39 Terms

1

movements for and studies of environmental justice arise from

combinations of socioeconomic, racial, and gendered inequalities

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2

environmental justice

A social movement and field of study that focuses on equal enforcement of environmental laws and eliminating disparities in the exposure of environmental harms to different ethnic and socioeconomic groups within a society.

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3

environmental racism

patterns of development that expose poor people, especially minorities, to environmental hazards.
EJ is the movement in response to ER

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4

environmental equity

proportionate and equitable distribution of environmental benefits and risks among diverse economic and cultural communities
The governments response to EJ

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5

Dr. Robert D. Bullard

"father of environmental justice", activist

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6

National People of color environmental leadership summit

drafted and adopted 17 principles of environmental justice

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7

3 dimensions of Environmental Justice

1.distribution
2. procedure
3. recognition

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8

Distributive Justice

how environmental harms and benefits are allocated/distributed among individuals and groups

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9

Procedural Justice

governance, with emphasis on participation and the process of policy, rule, and decision making

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10

Recognition Justice

the accommodation and respect of different people, their culture, their relations to nature and the environment, their identities, and their knowledge systems.

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11

justice as recognition 3 key mechanisms

1. formal or customary institutions (land dominated by males)
2. cultural norms
3. forms of knowledge

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12

environment

the biotic and abiotic surroundings of an organism or population

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13

the western social construction of nature developed through and reinforced by

1.Culture
2. Politics
3. Science and the academy

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14

Nature and the human knowledge of nature are...

socially constructed

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15

nature-society hybrids

forests, domesticated crops, GMO's

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16

environmental history of injustice

the social construction of race, environments, and land in the U.S.
nation was founded on the principles of "free land" "free labor" and "free men"

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17

post ww2 decolonization in Africa and Asia caused...

emergence of the "third world"

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18

North/South Distinctions

Geography and history
Former colonizers vs. former colonies
economic standing and political hegemony
developed world vs. developing world

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19

unequal ecological exchange

-source of most environmental distribution conflicts
-wealthy countries sustain high energy consumption while shifting the ecological burden onto less powerful places.
-SHIFTING THE BURDEN

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20

Ecological debt

Liability of the most developed economies for the problems caused by resource extraction, waste dumping, & other environmental hazards, both within & outside of their borders

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21

environmental externalities

externalities that affect the environment such as the impact of pollution on wildlife

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22

Inequity

unfair distributions of burdens & benefit

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23

Dominance and Hegemony

unequal participation & lack of recognition & respect

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24

Ineffective Legal Institutions & Norms

deficient international treaties & lack of procedural remedies

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25

Pristine Myth

The misconception that the New World was a lightly populated, unmodified wilderness when it was first encountered by Christopher Columbus.

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26

Terra Nullius

a legal principle signifying that an area of land belongs to no one

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27

Tenochtitlan

16th century metropolis
250,000 people
very developed

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28

LiDAR Data

shows civilizations were much larger and denser than once thought

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29

Pigs

triggered Native American depopulation

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30

Indian Stereotype

Dehumanizing
◦ Related to "vanishing Indian" & "noble savage" tropes
◦ Justifies violent conquest & dispossession

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31

Terra Preta

Dark, fertile soils high in charcoal and nutrient content, created by native populations in the Amazon River Basin before the arrival of Europeans.

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32

Traditional ecological knowledge

A cumulative body of knowledge, practices, & representations that describes the relationships of living beings with one another & with their physical environment, which evolved by adaptive processes & has been handed down through generations by cultural transmission

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33

Rio Earth Summit

Meeting held in 1992 that led to treaties and conventions to deal with environmental problems and means to address sustainable development.

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34

Principle 22

"Indigenous people & their communities & other local communities have a vital role in environmental management & development because of their knowledge & traditional practices. States should recognize & duly support their identity, culture & interests & enable their effective participation in the achievement of sustainable development

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35

biosphere reserves

Protected area consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permissible human impact
Failed to recognize TEK

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36

Chico Mendes

Fought to stop the burning and logging of the Amazon Rainforest to clear land for cattle ranching.

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37

Wangari Maathai & The Green Belt Movement

Africa as global leader in community-based reforestation & sustainable development

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38

REDD+

(Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation)
-has resistance from many indigenous groups

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39

Biocultural or socioecological conservation

Protect environment by working with local communities
◦ Indigenous or local culture & values integrated into conservation planning
◦ Prioritizes long-term relationships & livelihoods (over profits)

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