Earth Layers and Earth Materials

Flashcards covering the characteristics of Earth's layers and the formation processes of different types of rocks.

Kerak (Crust)

The outermost layer of the Earth where all living things reside, composed of soil and rocks with a depth ranging from $0$ to $100\,km$ from the ground surface.

Mantel (Mantle)

The layer located below the crust, composed of viscous and hot magma with temperatures between $1400^{\circ}C$ to $2500^{\circ}C$ and a depth ranging from $100\,km$ to $2900\,km$.

Teras luar (Outer core)

The layer of the Earth located below the mantle with very hot temperatures ranging from approximately $3000^{\circ}C$ to $5000^{\circ}C$.

Teras dalam (Inner core)

The layer located below the outer core with temperatures between $3000^{\circ}C$ to $5000^{\circ}C$ and a diameter of $6800\,km$.

Batuan igneus (Igneous rock)

Rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of hot, liquid magma from within the Earth's crust, primarily composed of silicate minerals.

Batuan sedimen (Sedimentary rock)

Rocks formed through the cyclic processes of transport, deposition, compression, and consolidation.

Batuan metamorfik (Metamorphic rock)

Rocks formed when sedimentary rocks are buried and subjected to high temperature and pressure.

Mineral silikat (Silicate minerals)

The primary chemical composition of igneous rocks.

Kitar batuan (Rock cycle)

The continuous process where Earth materials undergo weathering, erosion, melting, and pressure to transform between igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic states.