Chapt. 7 Quiz

Which nutrient, if consumed in excessive amounts, is likely to cause toxicity in the body?

vitamin D

Which fat-soluble vitamin is synthesized by bacteria in the body?

vitamin K

Which of the following would have the LEAST impact on nutrient bioavailability?

length of food storage

Which kinds of foods are likely to have the highest amounts of vitamin E?

nuts

Which individual might be at risk for developing a fat-soluble vitamin deficiency?

an individual who consumes a diet with very little fat

Acting together, parathyroid hormone and active vitamin D:

will decrease total bone calcium

If equal quantities of preformed vitamin A or provitamin A are consumed, which food would result in the greatest absorption of retinol activity equivalents?

salmon

All of the following are ways in which vitamin D helps maintain calcium concentrations in blood EXCEPT:

increased glucose uptake in adipose tissue

When levels of calcium in the blood increase:

production of calcitriol is suppressed.

Which statement BEST describes how antioxidants prevent oxidative damage?

Antioxidants donate electrons to free radicals without becoming unstable themselves.

Which action may reduce free radical formation in the body?

wearing sunscreen

How much dietary beta-carotene should be consumed to obtain an equivalent of 1 microgram of retinol?

12 micrograms of beta-carotene

When levels of calcium in the blood decrease:

calcium is released from the bone.

Having an adequate level of vitamin D prevents which disease?

rickets

All of the following factors influence the bioavailability of nutrients to the body EXCEPT:

the total amount of the nutrient consumed.

the presence of age-related physiological conditions.

the presence of competing nutrients or other food components.

chronic alcoholism.

the total amount of the nutrient consumed.

The primary site where vitamin E performs its function is in:

cell membranes

What is rhodopsin?

a pigment that absorbs light and triggers nerve impulses to the brain

Organic compounds (compounds containing both carbon–carbon and carbon–hydrogen bonds) that are needed in small quantities for very specific functions are

vitamins

Complex structures that the body must break down into individual units before they can be utilized for energy…

macronutrient

carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are a source of energy; _____ are not.

vitamins

_______ is the degree to which nutrients can be absorbed and utilized by the body.

bioavailability

Of the 14 currently identified vitamins,only four dissolve in fat and are stored in body tissue. Whivh are they?

A, D, E , K

-aka fat-soluble

Which 3 vitamins disperse easily in water-based solutions such as blood—are called water-soluble vitamins?

B vitamins, choline, and vitamin C

Where is Vitamin A primarily stored?

liver… but also fish, eggs, & dairy

Vitamin A separates in what two categories?

retinoids and carotenoids

The RDA for vitamin A for men aged 19 to 50 years is ___ mcg RAE; for women of the same age, it is ___ mcg RAE.

900 mcg & 700 mcg

Unstable reactive molecules with unpaired electrons that attempt to pair up with other molecules, atoms, or individual electrons to create a stable state are known as ____.

free radicals

What plays a key role in the growth and maintenance of bone by maintaining blood concentrations of minerals involved in bone development?

Vitamin D

When the concentration of calcium in blood falls, vitamin D is converted in the kidneys as _______.

calcitriol

Too much Vitamin D can cause what disease?

hypervitaminosis D

The established UL for Vitamin D (people 9+) is ____ IU aka 100 mcg.

4,000

Tocopherols are compounds found in what Vitamin?

Vitamin E

Where do you primarily find Vitamin E?

nuts, seeds, oils

The RDA for vitamin E for adults 19 years and older is ___ or 15 mg.

22.4 IU

Which Vitamin is given on in (AI amounts) bcuz it has no place on the RDA?

Vitamin K

The Vitamin K AI for men 19 years and older is ___ mcg, and for women it’s set at ___ mcg

120 mcg & 90 mcg for women

Which Vitamin plays a key role in bone metabolism by modifying bone proteins, which allows them to bind calcium and regulate bone formation?

Vitamin K

Vitamin K deficiency can cause what severe medical emergency?

uncontrolled bleeding, or hemorrhaging

What Vitamin is immediately given to babies upon birth?

Vitamin K in order to prevent hemorrhaging

What is the established UL for vitamin K?

trick question…none bcuz it’s not toxic at any level